Measuring environmental efficiency of industry: a case study of thermal power generation in India
Measuring environmental efficiency of industry: a case study of thermal power generation in India
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DOI：
10.1007/s10640-006-9055-6
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发表时间：
2007-07
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
M. N. Murty;Surender Kumar;K. Dhavala
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. N. Murty;Surender Kumar;K. Dhavala
技术和环境效率的一些燃煤火力发电厂在印度估计使用的方法，占公司的努力，以增加生产良好的输出和减少污染与给定的资源和技术。所使用的方法是定向输出距离函数。估计企业特定的影子价格的污染物（坏的输出），以及替代弹性之间的好和坏的输出。一家代表性公司的技术和环境效率估计为0.06，这意味着印度安得拉邦的火力发电行业可以将发电量增加6%，同时减少6%的污染。这一结果表明，存在激励或双赢的机会，企业自愿遵守环境管制。研究发现，企业间污染减排的边际成本或不良产出的影子价格存在显著差异，企业间污染减排的边际成本随着污染减排的进行而递增。这一结果要求使用污染税等经济手段，而不是印度目前使用的命令和控制法规，以减少空气污染。
Technical and environmental efficiency of some coal-fired thermal power plants in India is estimated using a methodology that accounts for firm’s efforts to increase the production of good output and reduce pollution with the given resources and technology. The methodology used is directional output distance function. Estimates of firm-specific shadow prices of pollutants (bad outputs), and elasticity of substitution between good and bad outputs are also obtained. The technical and environmental inefficiency of a representative firm is estimated as 0.06 implying that the thermal power generating industry in Andhra Pradesh state of India could increase production of electricity by 6/ while decreasing generation of pollution by 6%. This result shows that there are incentives or win–win opportunities for the firms to voluntarily comply with the environmental regulation. It is found that there is a significant variation in marginal cost of pollution abatement or shadow prices of bad outputs across the firms and an increasing marginal cost of pollution abatement with respect to pollution reduction by the firms. This result calls for the use of economic instruments like pollution taxes instead of command and control regulation used currently in India to reduce air pollution.