Estimated lead (Pb) exposures for a population of urban community gardeners.
Estimated lead (Pb) exposures for a population of urban community gardeners.
复制标题
城市社区园丁的铅 (Pb) 暴露估计值。
DOI：
10.1007/s10653-016-9790-8
复制
发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
McBride,Murray
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Spliethoff,HenryM;Mitchell,RebeccaG;Shayler,Hannah;Marquez-Bravo,LydiaG;Russell-Anelli,Jonathan;Ferenz,Gretchen;McBride,Murray
城市社区花园提供负担得起的，当地种植的健康食品和许多其他好处。然而，城市花园土壤可能含有铅（Pb），可能对人体健康构成风险。为了帮助评估这些风险，我们测量了纽约市社区花园的土壤、蔬菜和鸡蛋中的铅浓度，并询问了园丁的蔬菜消费量和在花园里花费的时间。然后，我们估计铅摄入量的确定性和概率为成年园丁，儿童花时间在花园里，和成年（非园丁）家庭成员。大多数集中趋势铅摄入量低于临时总耐受摄入量（PTTI）水平。高接触摄入量通常超过PTTI。概率估计显示，大约40%的儿童和10%的园丁超过PTTI。儿童的接触主要来自粉尘摄入和床间接触高铅土壤。园丁的铅摄入量与儿童相当（微克/天），但主要是蔬菜消费。成年家庭成员吃花园种植的产品比园丁和最低的铅摄入量。我们的研究结果表明，健康的园艺实践，以减少铅暴露在城市社区花园应侧重于鼓励种植低铅蔬菜（即，水果）的成年园丁和覆盖高铅非床土幼儿访问。然而，用干净的土壤（例如，在提高床）有很多好处，也应该继续鼓励。
Urban community gardens provide affordable, locally grown, healthy foods and many other benefits. However, urban garden soils can contain lead (Pb) that may pose risks to human health. To help evaluate these risks, we measured Pb concentrations in soil, vegetables, and chicken eggs from New York City community gardens, and we asked gardeners about vegetable consumption and time spent in the garden. We then estimated Pb intakes deterministically and probabilistically for adult gardeners, children who spend time in the garden, and adult (non-gardener) household members. Most central tendency Pb intakes were below provisional total tolerable intake (PTTI) levels. High contact intakes generally exceeded PTTIs. Probabilistic estimates showed approximately 40 % of children and 10 % of gardeners exceeding PTTIs. Children’s exposure came primarily from dust ingestion and exposure to higher Pb soil between beds. Gardeners’ Pb intakes were comparable to children’s (in µg/day) but were dominated by vegetable consumption. Adult household members ate less garden-grown produce than gardeners and had the lowest Pb intakes. Our results suggest that healthy gardening practices to reduce Pb exposure in urban community gardens should focus on encouraging cultivation of lower Pb vegetables (i.e., fruits) for adult gardeners and on covering higher Pb non-bed soils accessible to young children. However, the common practice of replacement of root-zone bed soil with clean soil (e.g., in raised beds) has many benefits and should also continue to be encouraged.