Evaluating sociotechnical dynamics in a simulated remotely-piloted aircraft system: a layered dynamics approach
Evaluating sociotechnical dynamics in a simulated remotely-piloted aircraft system: a layered dynamics approach
复制标题
评估模拟遥控飞机系统中的社会技术动力学：分层动力学方法
作者：
Jamie C. Gorman;Mustafa Demir;Nancy J. Cooke;David A. Grimm
摘要随着协调机制的变化和技术故障的发生，社会技术系统必须在人和技术层面上进行重组，以保持有效性。我们提出了一个研究重组跨通信，控制和车辆层的遥控飞机系统（RPAS）使用分层动力学方法。团队成员（飞行员;领航员摄影师）使用不同的操作员配置执行了5次模拟RPAS任务，包括全人类和人类自主团队。重组（使用熵操作定义）时间序列测量不同的运营商配置和以下自治故障下不断变化的系统重组配置文件。这些重组配置文件和团队的有效性分数之间的相关性描述的方式，该系统必须进行协调，以保持在这些不断变化的条件下的有效性。分析了四个计划外的自主故障，以可视化技术故障后的系统重组。凭借其客观和实时的建模和测量能力，分层动态补充了现有的系统思维工具，以了解社会技术的复杂性和提高系统的有效性。实践者总结：提出了一种分层动态方法，用于理解社会技术系统如何动态地重新组织自己。分析了RPAS在不同操作员配置和自主故障情况下的分层动力学行为。分层动态补充了现有的系统思维工具，用于建模社会技术系统的复杂性和有效性。简称：RPAS：遥控飞机系统HIS：人-系统一体化;东：系统团队合作的事件分析; H1：假设1; H2：假设2; H3：假设3; CERTT-STE：团队任务认知工程研究--综合任务环境; AVO：飞行器操作员; PLO：有效载荷操作员; DEMPC：数据开发、使命规划和通信; ACT-R：思维-理性的自适应控制; sec：秒; ANOVA：方差分析
Abstract As coordination mechanisms change and technology failures occur, a sociotechnical system must reorganise itself across human and technological layers to maintain effectiveness. We present a study examining reorganisation across communication, controls and vehicle layers of a remotely-piloted aircraft system (RPAS) using a layered dynamics approach. Team members (pilot; navigator; photographer) performed 5 simulated RPAS missions using different operator configurations, including all-human and human-autonomy teams. Reorganization (operationally defined using entropy) time series measured the changing system reorganisation profiles under different operator configurations and following autonomy failures. Correlations between these reorganisation profiles and team effectiveness scores describe the manner in which the system had to be coordinated to maintain effectiveness under these changing conditions. Four unplanned autonomy failures were analysed to visualise system reorganisation following a technology failure. With its objective and real-time modelling and measurement capabilities, layered dynamics complements existing systems thinking tools for understanding sociotechnical complexity and enhancing system effectiveness. Practitioner summary: A layered dynamics approach for understanding how a sociotechnical system dynamically reorganises itself is presented. The layered dynamics of RPAS were analysed under different operator configurations and following autonomy failures. Layered dynamics complements existing system-thinking tools for modelling sociotechnical system complexity and effectiveness. Abbreviation: RPAS: remotely-piloted aircraft system; HIS: human-systems integration; EAST: event analysis of systemic teamwork; H1: hypothesis 1; H2: hypothesis 2; H3: hypothesis 3; CERTT-STE: cognitive engineering research on team tasks--synthetic task environment; AVO: air vehicle operator; PLO: payload operator; DEMPC: data exploitation, mission planning, and communications; ACT-R: adaptive control of thought-rational; sec: seconds; ANOVA: analysis of variance