The emergence of solitude as a constructive domain of experience in early adolescence.
The emergence of solitude as a constructive domain of experience in early adolescence.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb01927.x
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发表时间：
1997-02
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Reed W. Larson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Reed W. Larson
青少年醒着的时间有四分之一是独处的，但这段时间的意义却鲜为人知。这项研究评估了童年晚期和青春期早期孤独经历的发展变化。四百八十三名欧洲裔美国人的五年级至九年级学生在一周内的随机时间提供了关于他们的陪伴和主观状态的体验抽样报告。研究结果表明，首先，在这个年龄段，独处时间变得更加自愿。其次，时间序列分析表明，对于七年级到九年级的学生，而不是五年级和六年级的学生，孤独对情绪状态有积极的后效应。第三，独处时间中等的青少年（但不是青春期前的青少年）比独处时间少或多的人适应得更好。总体而言，研究结果表明，尽管在青春期早期，孤独仍然是一个孤独的时期，但作为一种补充社会经验的战略撤退，孤独在日常生活中发挥了更具建设性的作用。
Adolescents spend one-quarter of their waking hours alone, yet the significance of this time is little understood. This study evaluates developmental changes in the experience of solitude between late childhood and early adolescence. Four hundred eighty-three European American fifth through ninth graders provided experience-sampling reports on their companionship and subjective states at random times over a week. The findings show, first, that time alone becomes more voluntary across this age period. Second, time-series analysis shows that for seventh through ninth graders, but not fifth and sixth graders, solitude had a positive after effect on emotional state. Third, adolescents, but not preadolescents, who spent an intermediate amount of their time alone were better adjusted than those who spent little or a great deal of time alone. As a whole, the findings suggest that, while continuing to be a lonely time, in early adolescence solitude comes to have a more constructive role in daily life as a strategic retreat that complements social experience.