Lipoprotein lipase and lipolysis: central roles in lipoprotein metabolism and atherogenesis.
Lipoprotein lipase and lipolysis: central roles in lipoprotein metabolism and atherogenesis.
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发表时间：
1996-04
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
I. Goldberg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
I. Goldberg
虽然它已经知道了超过50年，脂蛋白脂肪酶（LPL）水解乳糜微粒中的甘油三酯，在过去的五年中，有一个重新关注的生理和病理生理作用，这种酶。在某种程度上，这与临床研究相吻合，这些研究表明餐后脂血症增加是动脉粥样硬化发展的危险因素。此外，最近创建的转基因小鼠与高甘油三酯血症集中的兴趣，遗传学家和生理学家对甘油三酯代谢的病理生理学。正如本文所述，很明显，脂解反应只是部分理解。除了LPL之外的几个因素是该过程的关键调节剂，部分原因是该反应需要脂蛋白与动脉或毛细血管壁相互作用。影响这一点的因素包括颗粒的载脂蛋白组成、脂蛋白的大小以及LPL如何沿着内皮管腔表面显示。Zilversmit观察到动脉粥样硬化中的LPL活性比正常动脉中的LPL活性更高，这导致了大量将LPL与动脉粥样硬化形成联系起来的实验。在中动脉和大动脉中，LPL存在于管腔内皮表面和斑块内富含巨噬细胞的区域。LPL在这两个位置的作用可能对血管的生物学有重大影响。可能的致动脉粥样硬化的行动，这LPL在体外实验的基础上进行审查。
Although it has been known for over 50 years that lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolyzes triglyceride in chylomicrons, during the past half decade there has been a reinterest in the physiologic and pathophysiologic actions of this enzyme. In part, this has coincided with clinical studies implicating increased postprandial lipemia as a risk factor for atherosclerosis development. In addition, the recent creation of genetically altered mice with hypertriglyceridemia has focused the interest of geneticists and physiologists on the pathophysiology of triglyceride metabolism. As reviewed in this article, it is apparent that the lipolysis reaction is only partially understood. Several factors other than LPL are critical modulators of this process, in part, because the reaction requires the lipoproteins to interact with the arterial or capillary wall. Among the factors that affect this are the apolipoprotein composition of the particles, the size of the lipoproteins, and how LPL is displayed along the endothelial luminal surface. Zilversmit's observation that LPL activity is found in greater amounts in atherosclerotic than normal arteries has led to a large number of experiments linking LPL with atherogenesis. In medium and large arteries LPL is found on the luminal endothelial surface and in macrophage-rich areas within the plaque. LPL actions in both of these locations probably have major effects on the biology of the blood vessel. Possible atherogenic actions for this LPL based on in vitro experiments are reviewed.