Examining the shifting patterns of poaching from a long-term law enforcement intervention in Sumatra
Examining the shifting patterns of poaching from a long-term law enforcement intervention in Sumatra
复制标题
从苏门答腊岛的长期执法干预中审视偷猎模式的转变
DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2016.10.029
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
M. Linkie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Risdianto;D. Martyr;R. T. Nugraha;A. Harihar;H. Wibisono;I. Haidir;D. Macdonald;N. D'Cruze;M. Linkie
目前对许多急需的物种进行非法野生动物贸易的水平是不可持续的，并使它们面临更高的灭绝风险。尽管几个亚洲保护区在解决偷猎问题上取得了令人瞩目的成功，但威胁仍在继续。我们分析了苏门答腊岛保护区十年来的执法数据，以调查老虎和猎物偷猎的趋势，以及对涉案人员的逮捕和随后的起诉。大约3882个陷阱被摧毁，但最近偷猎老虎的激增表明，2013年和2014年每年遭遇的陷阱数量是之前八年的两倍。我们发现，从2011年开始，偷猎老虎的技术发生了变化，在一个地点设置了6个或更多捕虎器的陷阱群遇到更频繁。比较几年间的每月偷猎模式发现，斋月期间，鹿的偷猎活动有所增加，但老虎的偷猎活动并没有增加。这一结果证实了护林员团队长期以来的观点，即随着伊斯兰主要节日Idul Fitri的到来，当地对肉类的需求增加。最后，在进行的24次执法行动中，逮捕了40名偷猎者/交易者，其中90%被起诉。然而，罚款和监禁刑期远远低于可获得的最高刑期，最高刑期是持有枪支，而不是对野生动物的非法活动。我们的现场研究展示了可以取得的成果，但也确定了加强地方和国家执法部门应对不断升级的偷猎老虎趋势的领域。
Current levels of illegal wildlife trade for many in-demand species are unsustainable and place them at a heightened risk of extinction. While several Asian protected areas standout for their remarkable successes in tackling poaching, the threat continues nonetheless. We analyse a decade of law enforcement data from a Sumatran protected area to investigate tiger and prey poaching trends, the arrests and subsequent prosecution of those involved. Some 3882 snare traps were destroyed, but a recent spike in tiger poaching revealed that twice the number of snares were annually encountered in 2013 and 2014 than the eight preceding years. We detected a change in the techniques employed for poaching tigers from 2011 onwards, with more frequent encounters of snare trap clusters that contained six or more tiger traps set in a single location. Comparing monthly patterns of poaching within years revealed an increase in deer, but not tiger, poaching during the month of Ramadan. This result confirmed long-held views by the ranger teams that local demand for meat increases in the build up to Idul Fitri, a main Islamic holiday. Finally, from 24 law enforcement operations conducted, 40 tiger poachers/traders were arrested with > 90% being prosecuted. However, the fines and prison sentences issued were much lower than the maximum available, and the highest sentence was for firearms possession and not illegal activities towards wildlife. Our site-based study demonstrates what can be achieved, but also identifies areas for strengthening the sub-national and national law enforcement response to an escalating tiger poaching trend.