Reconceiving Decision-Making in Democratic Politics: Attention, Choice, and Public Policy
Reconceiving Decision-Making in Democratic Politics: Attention, Choice, and Public Policy
复制标题
DOI：
10.2307/2152577
复制
发表时间：
1994
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Jones
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Jones
大多数政治决策模型认为，个人偏好保持相对恒定。那么，为什么在政治问题上，公众舆论经常会突然发生突变呢？或者国会对特定立法的支持完全逆转，就像超导超级对撞机的投票一样？布莱恩·D琼斯通过将认知科学和理性选择理论与政治生活联系起来回答了这些问题。琼斯认为，个人和政治体系都倾向于一次只关注一个问题。他通过选举、民意调查、国会审议和官僚决策中的大量例子，展示了转移注意力是如何改变选择和政治结果的--即使潜在的偏好保持相对固定。例如，一个人可能最初决定投票给一个候选人，因为她在支出问题上的立场，但当他得知她在堕胎问题上的立场时，他改变了投票，从来没有真正平衡过这两种选择。
Most models of political decision-making maintain that individual preferences remain relatively constant. Why, then, are there often sudden abrupt changes in public opinion on political issues? Or total reversals in congressional support for specific legislation, as happened with the voting on the Superconducting Supercollider? Bryan D. Jones answers these questions by connecting insights from cognitive science and rational choice theory to political life. Individuals and political systems alike, Jones argues, tend to be attentive to only one issue at a time. Using numerous examples from elections, public-opinion polls, congressional deliberations and bureaucratic decision-making, he shows how shifting attentiveness can and does alter choices and political outcomes - even when underlying preferences remain relatively fixed. An individual, for example, may initially decide to vote for a candidate because of her stand on spending, but change his vote when he learns of her position on abortion, never really balancing the two options.