Learning to Troubleshoot: A New Theory-Based Design Architecture
Learning to Troubleshoot: A New Theory-Based Design Architecture
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学习故障排除：基于理论的新设计架构
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Woei Hung
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Jonassen;Woei Hung
故障排除是解决问题的常见形式。技术人员（例如，汽车机械师、电工）和专业人员（医生、治疗师、监察员）诊断故障系统，并采取直接的纠正措施来消除任何故障，以便使系统恢复正常状态。传统的故障排除教学方法强调有关系统或特定故障排除程序的理论或领域知识。这些方法未能培养学习者可转移的故障排除技能。在这篇文章中，我们提出了一个体系结构，用于设计故障排除的学习环境。该架构集成了经验，领域和设备知识的学习系统，使学习者能够生成和测试假设，他们采取的每一个行动，每一个行动的概念模型的系统，并查询经验丰富的决策者他们会做什么。该体系结构包括三个基本组成部分：一个多层次的概念模型的系统，包括地形，功能，战略和程序表示;一个模拟器，要求学习者产生假设，调和假设的系统模式，测试的假设，并解释从测试的结果;以及案例库，其使用基于案例的推理引擎来访问故障排除经验的相关故事作为对学习者的建议。这种新颖的体系结构可用于开发各种故障排除的学习环境。
Troubleshooting is a common form of problem solving. Technicians (e.g., automotive mechanics, electricians) and professionals (physician, therapists, ombudspersons) diagnose faulty systems and take direct, corrective action to eliminate any faults in order to return the systems to their normal states. Traditional approaches to troubleshooting instruction have emphasized either theoretical or domain knowledge about the system or specific troubleshooting procedures. These methods have failed to develop transferable troubleshooting skills in learners. In this article, we propose an architecture for designing learning environments for troubleshooting. The architecture integrates experiential, domain, and device knowledge in a learning system that enables learners to generate and test hypotheses for every action they take, relate every action to a conceptual model of the system, and query experienced troubleshooters about what they would do. The architecture includes three essential components: A multi-layered conceptual model of the system that includes topographic, function, strategic, and procedural representations; a simulator that requires the learner to generate hypotheses, reconcile the hypotheses to the system mode, test the hypotheses, and interpret the results from the test; and a case library that uses a case-based reasoning engine to access relevant stories of troubleshooting experiences as advice for the learner. This novel architecture can be used to develop learning environments for different kinds of troubleshooting.