Battle for Metals: Regulatory RNAs at the Front Line.
Battle for Metals: Regulatory RNAs at the Front Line.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcimb.2022.952948
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
铁、锌、锰和镍等金属是细菌的必需元素。这些营养物质在生物过程中的关键结构和催化作用中是必需的，包括前体生物合成、DNA复制、转录、呼吸作用和氧化应激反应。虽然这些营养物质是必需的，但过量也可能是有毒的。免疫系统利用这两个方面来限制细菌的增殖和对抗入侵者。与金属结合的免疫蛋白降低了感染部位金属的生物利用率，使入侵者挨饿，而免疫细胞通过提供过量的金属来毒化病原体，从而导致酶的错金属和/或活性氧物种的产生。在这个动态的金属环境中，维持金属动态平衡是一个必须精确协调的关键过程。为了实现这一点，细菌利用由金属调节蛋白控制的不同的金属摄取和外排系统。最近，小调节RNA(SRNAs)被发现是关键的转录后调节因子，与转录因子一起促进快速适应，并微调细菌对金属丰度的适应。在这篇简短的综述中，我们讨论了sRNA在铁稳态中的作用扩大，但也在协调适应其他金属的可用性，如锰和镍。此外，我们描述了sRNA介导的金属稳态和氧化应激反应之间的相互依赖，以及由sRNA控制的调控网络如何有助于生存和毒力。
Metal such as iron, zinc, manganese, and nickel are essential elements for bacteria. These nutrients are required in crucial structural and catalytic roles in biological processes, including precursor biosynthesis, DNA replication, transcription, respiration, and oxidative stress responses. While essential, in excess these nutrients can also be toxic. The immune system leverages both of these facets, to limit bacterial proliferation and combat invaders. Metal binding immune proteins reduce the bioavailability of metals at the infection sites starving intruders, while immune cells intoxicate pathogens by providing metals in excess leading to enzyme mismetallation and/or reactive oxygen species generation. In this dynamic metal environment, maintaining metal homeostasis is a critical process that must be precisely coordinated. To achieve this, bacteria utilize diverse metal uptake and efflux systems controlled by metalloregulatory proteins. Recently, small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) have been revealed to be critical post-transcriptional regulators, working in conjunction with transcription factors to promote rapid adaptation and to fine-tune bacterial adaptation to metal abundance. In this mini review, we discuss the expanding role for sRNAs in iron homeostasis, but also in orchestrating adaptation to the availability of other metals like manganese and nickel. Furthermore, we describe the sRNA-mediated interdependency between metal homeostasis and oxidative stress responses, and how regulatory networks controlled by sRNAs contribute to survival and virulence.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Semsey S
通讯作者：
Semsey S