Bedload transport measurements with impact plate geophones in two Austrian mountain streams (Fischbach and Ruetz): system calibration, grain size estimation, and environmental signal pick-up
Bedload transport measurements with impact plate geophones in two Austrian mountain streams (Fischbach and Ruetz): system calibration, grain size estimation, and environmental signal pick-up
复制标题
在奥地利两条山涧（Fischbach 和 Ruetz）中使用冲击板地震检波器进行底土输送测量：系统校准、粒度估计和环境信号拾取
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Fritschi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Rickenmann;B. Fritschi
抽象。瑞士板地震检波器系统是一种推移质替代测量技术，已安装在20多个溪流，主要是在欧洲阿尔卑斯山。在这里，我们报告在奥地利的两个山区溪流进行校准测量。Fischbach和Ruetz砾石床流的特点是在融雪季节的重要径流和推移质运输。在6年期间，共获得了31（Fischbach）和21（Ruetz）直接推移质样品。使用地震检波器脉冲数和每次测量的总输送推移质质量导出校准函数，导致Fischbach的强线性关系，而Ruetz测量的线性校准关系较差。相反，使用地震检波器脉冲率和推移质输运率表明，两个幂律关系最能代表Fischbach数据，这取决于输运强度;对于较低的输运强度，相同的幂律关系也与Ruetz数据合理一致。这些结果进行了比较，从其他领域的网站和水槽研究的数据和结果。我们进一步表明，所观察到的粗化的粒度分布，增加推移质通量可以从地震检波器信号定性再现，当使用脉冲计数沿着与振幅信息。最后，我们讨论了难以置信的地震检波器脉冲计数期间记录的较小的排放量没有任何推移质运输，这是可能造成的车辆运动非常接近的测量地点。
Abstract. The Swiss plate geophone system is a bedload surrogate measuring technique that has been installed in more than 20 streams, primarily in the European Alps. Here we report about calibration measurements performed in two mountain streams in Austria. The Fischbach and Ruetz gravel-bed streams are characterized by important runoff and bedload transport during the snowmelt season. A total of 31 (Fischbach) and 21 (Ruetz) direct bedload samples were obtained during a 6-year period. Using the number of geophone impulses and total transported bedload mass for each measurement to derive a calibration function results in a strong linear relation for the Fischbach, whereas there is only a poor linear calibration relation for the Ruetz measurements. Instead, using geophone impulse rates and bedload transport rates indicates that two power law relations best represent the Fischbach data, depending on transport intensity; for lower transport intensities, the same power law relation is also in reasonable agreement with the Ruetz data. These results are compared with data and findings from other field sites and flume studies. We further show that the observed coarsening of the grain size distribution with increasing bedload flux can be qualitatively reproduced from the geophone signal, when using the impulse counts along with amplitude information. Finally, we discuss implausible geophone impulse counts that were recorded during periods with smaller discharges without any bedload transport, and that are likely caused by vehicle movement very near to the measuring sites.