Identification of hydrocarbons from Abies pindrow leaves
Identification of hydrocarbons from Abies pindrow leaves
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冷杉叶中碳氢化合物的鉴定
DOI：
10.1007/s10600-010-9547-z
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
K. Khan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Q. Samejo;D. K. Burdi;M. I. Bhanger;F. Talpur;K. Khan
松科冷杉属（Abies family Pinaceae）共有51种，主要分布于北方的温带和寒带，以山地为主[1]。通过对冷杉属植物化学成分和生物学活性的研究，从冷杉属19种植物中分离得到277个化合物。其化学成分主要为萜类、黄酮类和木脂素类，以及少量的酚类、甾类等。已发现其粗提物和代谢产物具有多种生物活性，包括昆虫保幼激素、抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗溃疡、抗炎、抗高血压、镇咳和CNS（中枢神经系统）活性[2]。冷杉（Abies pindrow Royle），俗称西喜马拉雅冷杉，是一种大型万年青乔木，高40-60米，树干直径可达2-2.5米。它有一个圆锥形的树冠与水平的分支。在巴基斯坦，冷杉pindrow Royle，被称为partal或palundar，广泛分布在海拔2000至3000米的整个喜马拉雅山脉西部，从阿富汗到尼泊尔[3]。冷杉属的Pindrow种被认为是驱风、健胃、收敛、祛痰、滋补、解痉和抗周期性[4]。对该物种的植物化学研究导致了吡喃葡萄糖苷、羟基黄烷酮、查耳酮糖苷、双黄酮、黄酮类化合物和氢茚内酯[5]以及五环三萜类化合物[6]的分离。从冷杉pindrow Royle的叶不同提取物表现出抗炎，镇痛，催眠活性在大鼠，减弱小鼠游泳应激，并产生低血压的狗。冷杉叶对大鼠冷束缚胃溃疡模型也有抗溃疡作用[5]。文献回顾显示，尚未有关于冷杉粉丛罗伊尔（Abies pindrow Royle）碳氢化合物的报道。我们以前曾报道过冷杉叶的乙醇提取物的脂肪酸组成。共鉴定了11种脂肪酸，包括8种饱和脂肪酸和3种不饱和脂肪酸[4]。目前的调查冷杉pindrow Royle的地上部分（叶）描述了长链烃的存在。通过GC-MS检测这些烃的存在，并得到FTIR的支持。仔细观察质谱数据中的裂解模式，发现存在饱和烃和不饱和烃。这些碳氢化合物已首次从冷杉pindrow Royle报道。己烷馏分的GC-MS显示存在二十三烷、二十烷、二十一烷、二十二烷、二十四烷、十九烷、十八烷、1-二十二烷、1-十八烯、十七烷和2，6，10，14-四甲基十六烷。通过气相色谱法将这些峰与标准品进行比较，确定这些常见烃的同一性，并通过将裂解模式与标准品质谱图的裂解模式进行比较进行确认。FTIR分析支持这些烃的结构。FTIR光谱显示出与2956 cm-1、2923 cm-1和2852 cm-1处的C-H伸缩、1465 cm-1处的C-H弯曲（剪切）、1378 cm-1处的C-H甲基摇摆和722.9 cm-1处的长链甲基摇摆相关的诊断峰。这些峰验证了关于烃的所需数据。主峰的GC-MS研究显示存在直链饱和烃。它显示了11种化合物的存在。GC-MS图谱显示11个主峰，沿着有小峰。通过GC-MS在不同保留时间处检测到所有主峰为烃。
The genus Abies family Pinaceae consists of 51 species ranged mainly in temperate and boreal regions of the northern hemisphere, chiefly in mountainous regions [1]. The literature data on phytochemical and biological investigations of the genus of Abies revealed that up to now, 277 compounds were isolated from 19 plants of Abies species. The chemical constituents are mostly terpenoids, flavonoids, and lignans, together with minor constituents of phenols, steroids, and others. The crude extracts and metabolites have been found to possess various bioactivities, including insect juvenile hormone, antitumor, antimicrobial, antiulcerogenic, antiinflammatory, antihypertensive, antitussive, and CNS (central nervous system) activities [2]. Abies pindrow Royle, commonly known as west Himalayan fir, is a large evergreen tree growing up to 40–60 m tall with a trunk diameter of up to 2–2.5 m. It has a conical crown with level branches. In Pakistan, Abies pindrow Royle, known as partal or palundar, is widely distributed at elevations between 2000 and 3000 m throughout the western Himalayas from Afghanistan to Nepal [3]. Pindrow species of Abies is regarded as carminative, stomachic, astringent, expectorant, tonic, antispasmodic, and antiperiodic [4]. Phytochemical studies of the species resulted in the isolation of glucopyranoside, hydroxyflavanone, chalcone glycoside, bioflavonoids, flavonoids and pindrolactone [5], and pentacyclic triterpenoids [6]. Different extracts from the leaves of Abies pindrow Royle exhibited anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and hypnotic activities in rats, attenuated swim stress in mice, and produced hypotension in dogs. Abies pindrow Royle leaves also have an antiulcerogenic effect on the cold-restrained gastric ulcer model in rats [5]. A review of the literature revealed that no hydrocarbons have yet been reported from Abies pindrow Royle. We have previously reported the fatty acid composition of the ethanol extract of the leaves of Abies pindrow Royle. A total of 11 fatty acids, including eight saturated and three unsaturated, was characterized [4]. The present investigation of aerial part (leaves) of Abies pindrow Royle describes the occurrence of long chain hydrocarbons. The presence of these hydrocarbons is detected by GC-MS and supported by FTIR. A careful look at the fragmentation pattern in the mass spectral data reveals the presence of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. These hydrocarbons have been reported for the first time from Abies pindrow Royle. The GC-MS of the hexane fraction revealed the presence of tricosane, eicosane, heneicosane, docosane, tetracosane, nonadecane, octadecane, 1-docosene, 1-octadecene, heptadecane, and 2,6,10,14-tetramethylhexadecane. The identity of these common hydrocarbons was made by comparison of these peaks with the standards by gas chromatography and confirmed by comparison of the fragmentation pattern with those of standard mass spectrum. FTIR analysis supported the structures of these hydrocarbons. The FTIR spectrum exhibits the diagnostic peaks relating to C-H stretching at 2956 cm–1, 2923 cm–1, and 2852 cm–1, C-H bending (scissoring) at 1465 cm–1, C-H methyl rocking at 1378 cm–1, and long-chain methyl rocking at 722.9 cm–1. These peaks verify the required data regarding the hydrocarbons. The GC-MS study of major peaks revealed the presence of straight-chain saturated hydrocarbons. It showed the presence of 11 compounds. The GC-MS pattern showed 11 major peaks along with small peaks. All major peaks were detected as hydrocarbons by GC-MS at different retention times.