Memory and visual search in naturalistic 2D and 3D environments
Memory and visual search in naturalistic 2D and 3D environments
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DOI：
10.1167/16.8.9
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Hayhoe, Mary M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Chia-Ling;Pilar Aivar, M.;Hayhoe, Mary M.
记忆在日常行为中引导注意力分配的作用还没有得到很好的理解。在二维（2D）图像的实验中，关于记忆的重要性有各种各样的证据。由于实验室实验和日常行为中的刺激背景差异很大，我们研究了记忆在二维（2D）和三维（3D）环境中视觉搜索中的作用。创建了由两个房间组成的3D沉浸式虚拟公寓，并开发了由3D环境快照组成的并行2D视觉搜索实验。在这两个实验中都跟踪了眼球运动。重复搜索几何物体，以评估空间记忆的作用。随后，受试者寻找现实的上下文对象来测试附带学习。我们的研究结果表明，受试者学习的房间目标协会在3D中，但在2D中较少。在这两种情况下，凝视越来越局限于房间的相关区域。然而，早期的经验并不能促进对当地背景物体的搜索。对上下文对象的偶然注视不一定有益于搜索性能。总之，这些结果表明，全球方面的环境记忆引导搜索限制分配的注意力可能的地区，而任务相关性决定了什么是从积极的搜索经验。2D和3D环境中的行为是相当的，尽管在3D中使用的内存更多。
The role of memory in guiding attention allocation in daily behaviors is not well understood. In experiments with two-dimensional (2D) images, there is mixed evidence about the importance of memory. Because the stimulus context in laboratory experiments and daily behaviors differs extensively, we investigated the role of memory in visual search, in both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) environments. A 3D immersive virtual apartment composed of two rooms was created, and a parallel 2D visual search experiment composed of snapshots from the 3D environment was developed. Eye movements were tracked in both experiments. Repeated searches for geometric objects were performed to assess the role of spatial memory. Subsequently, subjects searched for realistic context objects to test for incidental learning. Our results show that subjects learned the room-target associations in 3D but less so in 2D. Gaze was increasingly restricted to relevant regions of the room with experience in both settings. Search for local contextual objects, however, was not facilitated by early experience. Incidental fixations to context objects do not necessarily benefit search performance. Together, these results demonstrate that memory for global aspects of the environment guides search by restricting allocation of attention to likely regions, whereas task relevance determines what is learned from the active search experience. Behaviors in 2D and 3D environments are comparable, although there is greater use of memory in 3D.