Depressive Symptoms, Social Support, and Violence Exposure Among Urban Youth: A Longitudinal Study of Resilience
Depressive Symptoms, Social Support, and Violence Exposure Among Urban Youth: A Longitudinal Study of Resilience
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/a0039501
复制
发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Zimmerman, Marc A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eisman, Andria B.;Stoddard, Sarah A.;Zimmerman, Marc A.
抑郁症是青少年中一个严重的心理健康问题。暴力暴露是抑郁症的潜在危险因素。社会支持可能有助于降低抑郁风险，即使青少年暴露于暴力。使用补偿模型的弹性，我们调查的影响，随着时间的推移，暴力暴露和社会支持抑郁症的样本中的城市青年在高中（N = 824，52%的女性，平均年龄1年= 14.9）。我们使用生长曲线模型来研究青春期的抑郁症状及其与暴力暴露和社会支持的关系，并考虑了重要的社会人口特征（性别，社会经济地位和种族/民族）。抑郁症状平均从高中1年级到2年级增加，然后从2年级到4年级稳定或下降。暴力观察和家庭冲突都与高中期间抑郁症状的增加有关。随着时间的推移，母亲的支持与抑郁症状的减少有关。我们的研究结果支持一个补偿模型的弹性。在生活在弱势环境中的城市青年中促进积极的亲子沟通，可能有助于减少暴力暴露导致抑郁症状的可能性。
Depression is a serious mental health concern among adolescents. Violence exposure is a potent risk factor for depression. Social support may help reduce depression risk, even when adolescents are exposed to violence. Using a compensatory model of resilience, we investigate the influence of violence exposure and social support on depression over time in a sample of urban youth during the high school years (N = 824, 52% female, mean age Year 1 = 14.9). We used growth curve modeling to examine depressive symptoms across adolescence and its association with violence exposure and social support, accounting for important sociodemographic characteristics (sex, socioeconomic status, and race/ethnicity). Depressive symptoms on average increase from Year 1 to 2 of high school and then are stable or decline from Years 2 to 4. Violence observation and conflict in the family were each associated with increased depressive symptoms during the high school years. Mother support was associated with decreased depressive symptoms over time. Our results support a compensatory model of resilience. Promoting positive parent-child communication among urban youth living in disadvantaged contexts may help reduce the probability that exposure to violence will result in depressive symptoms.