Probabilistic reward- and punishment-based learning in opioid addiction: Experimental and computational data.
Probabilistic reward- and punishment-based learning in opioid addiction: Experimental and computational data.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbr.2015.09.018
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Moustafa AA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Myers CE;Sheynin J;Balsdon T;Luzardo A;Beck KD;Hogarth L;Haber P;Moustafa AA
成瘾是一种习惯的延续，尽管有负面的后果。大量文献证明，药物成瘾者的这种不良决策行为也普遍适用于实验室决策任务，这表明决策障碍不仅限于关于服用药物的决定。在目前的实验中，阿片类药物成瘾的个人和匹配的控制没有非法药物使用的历史被管理的概率分类任务，嵌入奖励为基础的和惩罚为基础的学习试验，和决策的计算模型被应用于理解的机制描述个人的任务上的表现。尽管行为结果显示，阿片类药物成瘾者在基于奖励和惩罚的学习中表现良好，但建模结果表明，两组之间的决策方式存在细微差异。具体来说，阿片类药物成瘾组表现出重复先前反应的倾向降低，这意味着当预期被违反时，他们更有可能“追逐奖励”，而对照组更有可能坚持先前成功的反应规则，尽管偶尔会违反预期。这种追求短期奖励的倾向，可能会以制定长期最大化奖励的规则为代价，可能是阿片类药物成瘾的一个因素。进一步的工作表明，更好地了解这种趋势是否是由于持续使用/滥用阿片类药物后大脑变化的结果，或者可能是可能导致成瘾风险的预先存在的因素。
Addiction is the continuation of a habit in spite of negative consequences. A vast literature gives evidence that this poor decision-making behavior in individuals addicted to drugs also generalizes to laboratory decision making tasks, suggesting that the impairment in decision-making is not limited to decisions about taking drugs. In the current experiment, opioid-addicted individuals and matched controls with no history of illicit drug use were administered a probabilistic classification task that embeds both reward-based and punishment-based learning trials, and a computational model of decision making was applied to understand the mechanisms describing individuals’ performance on the task. Although behavioral results showed thatopioid-addicted individuals performed as well as controls on both reward- and punishment-based learning, the modeling results suggested subtle differences in how decisions were made between the two groups. Specifically, the opioid-addicted group showed decreased tendency to repeat prior responses, meaning that they were more likely to “chase reward” when expectancies were violated, whereas controls were more likely to stick with a previously-successful response rule, despite occasional expectancy violations. This tendency to chase short-term reward, potentially at the expense of developing rules that maximize reward over the long term, may be a contributing factor to opioid addiction. Further work is indicated to better understand whether this tendency arises as a result of brain changes in the wake of continued opioid use/abuse, or might be a pre-existing factor that may contribute to risk for addiction.