Turn-taking cues in task-oriented dialogue
Turn-taking cues in task-oriented dialogue
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DOI：
10.1016/j.csl.2010.10.003
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发表时间：
2011-07-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Hirschberg, Julia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gravano, Agustin;Hirschberg, Julia
随着交互式语音应答系统变得越来越普遍并提供越来越复杂的功能，很明显，这样的系统所面临的挑战不仅仅在于它们的合成和识别能力。系统和用户之间的话轮交换协调等问题也在系统可用性中发挥重要作用。特别地，系统和用户都难以确定对方何时采取或放弃转弯。在本文中，我们试图识别与人-人话轮交换相关的话轮转换线索，这些话轮转换线索是可自动计算的。在哥伦比亚游戏语料库（一个大型的任务导向对话语料库）中，我们比较了潜在的韵律、声学和词汇句法话轮产生线索在话轮变化前的韵律短语（平滑的话轮）与话轮保持（流动）与话轮通道中的存在，以确定哪些特征可靠地区分这三者。我们确定了七个回合产生的线索，所有这些都可以自动提取，为将来使用在交互式语音应答（IVR）系统中的回合生成和识别。测试邓肯（1972）的假设，这些话轮让步线索与话轮转换尝试的发生是线性相关的，我们进一步证明，话轮让步线索的数量越多，话轮转换将发生的可能性越大。我们还确定了六个线索，前反向通道，这也将是有用的IVR反向通道的生成和识别，这些线索与反向通道发生在二次方式。我们发现类似的结果重叠和非重叠的语音。(C)2010爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
As interactive voice response systems become more prevalent and provide increasingly more complex functionality, it becomes clear that the challenges facing such systems are not solely in their synthesis and recognition capabilities. Issues such as the coordination of turn exchanges between system and user also play an important role in system usability. In particular, both systems and users have difficulty determining when the other is taking or relinquishing the turn. In this paper, we seek to identify turn-taking cues correlated with human-human turn exchanges which are automatically computable. We compare the presence of potential prosodic, acoustic, and lexico-syntactic turn-yielding cues in prosodic phrases preceding turn changes (SMOOTH SWITCHES) vs. turn retentions (flows) vs. BACKCHANNELS in the Columbia Games Corpus, a large corpus of task-oriented dialogues, to determine which features reliably distinguish between these three. We identify seven turn-yielding cues, all of which can be extracted automatically, for future use in turn generation and recognition in interactive voice response (IVR) systems. Testing Duncan's (1972) hypothesis that these turn-yielding cues are linearly correlated with the occurrence of turn-taking attempts, we further demonstrate that, the greater the number of turn-yielding cues that are present, the greater the likelihood that a turn change will occur. We also identify six cues that precede backchannels, which will also be useful for IVR backchannel generation and recognition; these cues correlate with backchannel occurrence in a quadratic manner. We find similar results for overlapping and for non-overlapping speech. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.