Cytogenetic screening of livestock populations in Europe: an overview
Cytogenetic screening of livestock populations in Europe: an overview
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DOI：
10.1159/000118738
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Iannuzzi, L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ducos, A.;Revay, T.;Iannuzzi, L.
临床动物细胞遗传学的发展始于20世纪60年代的S，几乎与人类细胞遗传学同时发展。然而，在过去的40年里，这两个学科的发展有了很大的不同。临床动物细胞遗传学在20世纪80年代末的S达到了“黄金时代”。本综述中介绍的大多数实验室以及农场动物物种的主要筛选计划都是在这一时期在一些历史领袖的指导下实施的，第一位是英吉玛·古斯塔夫松。在过去的40年里，已经发表了数百份科学出版物，报告了通常与临床疾病(主要是生育障碍)有关的原始染色体异常。自20世纪80年代S以来，从事临床动物细胞遗传学研究的科学家人数因各种原因而急剧减少，该领域的活动目前仅集中在少数几个实验室(10至15个，主要在欧洲)，其中一些已成为高度专业化的实验室。目前，全世界每年进行的染色体分析在8000到10000之间，主要是对牛、猪和马进行的分析。这些分析中约有一半是在一家法国实验室进行的。现在可以准确估计某些人群中染色体异常的流行程度。例如，在法国受控的200头猪中，有一头表现正常，携带结构性染色体重排。在大多数国家，牛中广泛存在的1；29罗伯逊易位的频率大大减少，但在某些品种中仍然相当高(在大型肉牛群体中高达20-25%，在一些地方品种中甚至更高)。由于更容易获得感兴趣的生物材料(生殖细胞、配子、胚胎)，在农场动物种群中继续开展染色体筛选方案，使得能够实施新的和原创的科学项目，目的是探索染色体和/或细胞生物学领域的一些基本问题。版权所有(C)2008 S.Karger AG，巴塞尔。
Clinical animal cytogenetics development began in the 1960's, almost at the same time as human cytogenetics. However, the development of the two disciplines has been very different during the last four decades. Clinical animal cytogenetics reached its 'Golden Age' at the end of the 1980's. The majority of the laboratories, as well as the main screening programs in farm animal species, presented in this review, were implemented during that period, under the guidance of some historical leaders, the first of whom was Ingemar Gustavsson. Over the past 40 years, hundreds of scientific publications reporting original chromosomal abnormalities generally associated with clinical disorders (mainly fertility impairment) have been published. Since the 1980's, the number of scientists involved in clinical animal cytogenetics has drastically decreased for different reasons and the activities in that field are now concentrated in only a few laboratories (10 to 15, mainly in Europe), some of which have become highly specialized. Currently between 8,000 and 10,000 chromosomal analyses are carried out each year worldwide, mainly in cattle, pigs, and horses. About half of these analyses are performed in one French laboratory. Accurate estimates of the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in some populations are now available. For instance, one phenotypically normal pig in 200 controlled in France carries a structural chromosomal rearrangement. The frequency of the widespread 1;29 Robertsonian translocation in cattle has greatly decreased in most countries, but remains rather high in certain breeds (up to 20-25% in large beef cattle populations, even higher in some local breeds). The continuation, and in some instances the development of the chromosomal screening programs in farm animal populations allowed the implementation of new and original scientific projects, aimed at exploring some basic questions in the fields of chromosome and/or cell biology, thanks to easier access to interesting biological materials (germ cells, gametes, embryos...). Copyright (C) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.