Rotavirus vaccines for infants in developing countries in Africa and Asia: considerations from a world health organization-sponsored consultation.
Rotavirus vaccines for infants in developing countries in Africa and Asia: considerations from a world health organization-sponsored consultation.
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非洲和亚洲发展中国家婴儿的轮状病毒疫苗：世界卫生组织赞助的咨询的考虑因素。
DOI：
10.1086/605042
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Neuzil
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Steele;Manish M Patel;Umesh D. Parashar;J. C. Victor;T. Aguado;K. Neuzil
世界卫生组织（WHO）及其国际合作伙伴在过去30年中一直将轮状病毒疫苗的开发列为优先事项。2005年11月，世卫组织战略咨询专家组首次审查了两种新的口服轮状病毒减毒活疫苗的临床疗效数据，这两种疫苗在接受评价的地区显示出对严重轮状病毒病的极好保护效果。尽管取得了这些成功，但世卫组织仍敦促在非洲和亚洲人群中对这些疫苗进行临床评价，因为轮状病毒导致的死亡大多发生在非洲和亚洲，并强调需要在引入疫苗的国家进行持续的许可后安全性监测。非洲和亚洲的临床研究将很快提供这两种新疫苗在这些人群中的疗效数据。世卫组织召开了一次国际协商会议，以评估如何将这些即将获得的数据用于今后在发展中国家使用轮状病毒疫苗。简而言之，与会者一致认为：（1）与工业化国家相比，即使发展中国家的疫苗效力较低，但仍将带来巨大的公共卫生效益，并将在拯救非洲和亚洲的生命方面具有成本效益;（2）标准，例如WHO死亡率分层和轮状病毒感染的当地流行病学，将临床数据外推至其他地区和国家的适当措施;和（3）研究了解轮状病毒疫苗使用的程序限制可能有助于制定战略，以提高疫苗的吸收和整体影响。
The World Health Organization (WHO) and its international partners have prioritized the development of rotavirus vaccines for the past 3 decades. In November 2005, the WHO's Strategic Advisory Group of Experts first reviewed the clinical efficacy data from 2 new live attenuated oral rotavirus vaccines, which demonstrated excellent protective efficacy against severe rotavirus disease in regions where they were evaluated. Despite these successes, the WHO has urged the clinical evaluation of these vaccines in populations of Africa and Asia, where most of the deaths due to rotavirus occur, and has emphasized the need for ongoing postlicensure safety monitoring in countries introducing vaccines. Clinical studies in Africa and Asia will soon provide data on the efficacy of both new vaccines in these populations. A WHO international consultative meeting convened to evaluate how to use these imminent data for the future use of rotavirus vaccines in developing countries. In brief, it was agreed that (1) even vaccines with lesser efficacy in developing countries, compared with industrialized countries, would still lead to substantial public health benefits and would be cost-effective in saving lives in Africa and Asia; (2) criteria, such as the WHO mortality strata and local epidemiology of rotavirus infection, would be appropriate measures for extrapolating the clinical data to other regions and countries; and (3) research toward understanding the programmatic limitations of rotavirus vaccine use may help develop strategies to improve vaccine uptake and overall impact.