The terrestrial landscapes of tetrapod evolution in earliest Carboniferous seasonal wetlands of SE Scotland
The terrestrial landscapes of tetrapod evolution in earliest Carboniferous seasonal wetlands of SE Scotland
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苏格兰东南部最早石炭纪季节性湿地四足动物进化的陆地景观
DOI：
10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.05.033
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kearsey T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kearsey T
苏格兰东南部的下密西西比（Tournaisian）巴拉甘组发现了四足动物化石，为这些动物首次迁移到陆地的关键时期提供了新的见解。了解它们生活的古环境的关键是对这个地层的沉积结构进行详细分析，这是世界上最厚、最完整的沿海洪泛区和边缘海洋演替的例子之一，来自这个重要的过渡时期。古土壤丰富，为了解石炭纪早期的栖息地和气候提供了独特的视角。超过200个独立的古土壤被描述从三个部分到形成。古土壤的厚度从0.02 ~ 1.85 m不等，且种类繁多：大多数为完整溶洞和初始溶洞（63%），表明土壤发育时期相对较短。隐蔽性Inseptisols和Vertisols较少见（37%）。垂直土层是巴拉甘组最厚的古土层（可达185厘米），具有常见的垂直裂缝。在所有的古土壤中都有丰富的根，从浅垫和细毛状痕迹到散在的较粗的根迹，这是典型的乔木石松类。古土壤的地球化学、同位素和粘土矿物学分析表明，土壤碱度和涝渍量存在一定范围。根据古土壤成分估计的年平均降雨量为每年1000-1500毫米。高平均年降雨量和多变的土壤碱度与形成深穿透裂缝和蒸发岩沉积的干旱期形成鲜明对比。结论是，在石炭纪早期，该地区经历了强烈对比的季节气候，洪泛区为四足动物生活的紧密并列但不同的栖息地提供了马赛克。这里发现的沿海洪泛平原环境的多样化可能与四足动物向陆地领域的进化和运动有关。
The Lower Mississippian (Tournaisian) Ballagan Formation in SE Scotland yields tetrapod fossils that provide fresh insights into the critical period when these animals first moved onto land. The key to understanding the palaeoenvironments where they lived is a detailed analysis of the sedimentary architecture of this formation, one of the thickest and most completely documented examples of a coastal floodplain and marginal marine succession from this important transitional time anywhere in the world. Palaeosols are abundant, providing a unique insight into the early Carboniferous habitats and climate.More than 200 separate palaeosols are described from three sections through the formation. The palaeosols range in thickness from 0.02 to 1.85 m and are diverse: most are Entisols and Inceptisols (63%), indicating relatively brief periods of soil development. Gleyed Inseptisols and Vertisols are less common (37%). Vertisols are the thickest palaeosols (up to 185 cm) in the Ballagan Formation and have common vertic cracks. Roots are abundant through all the palaeosols, from shallow mats and thin hair-like traces to sporadic thicker root traces typical of arborescent lycopods.Geochemical, isotope and clay mineralogical analyses of the palaeosols indicate a range in soil alkalinity and amount of water logging. Estimates of mean annual rainfall from palaeosol compositions are 1000–1500 mm per year. The high mean annual rainfall and variable soil alkalinities contrast markedly with dry periods that developed deep penetrating cracks and evaporite deposits. It is concluded that during the early Carboniferous, this region experienced a sharply contrasting seasonal climate and that the floodplain hosted a mosaic of closely juxtaposed but distinct habitats in which the tetrapods lived. The diversification of coastal floodplain environments identified here may link to the evolution and movement of tetrapods into the terrestrial realm.
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
10.1130/2006.2399(05
发表时间：
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期刊：
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作者：
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