Mixing of the photon with low-mass particles.
Mixing of the photon with low-mass particles.
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DOI：
10.1103/physrevd.37.1237
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发表时间：
1988-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. Raffelt;G. Raffelt;L. Stodolsky
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Raffelt;G. Raffelt;L. Stodolsky
如果这些粒子（不一定是自旋 1）通过双光子顶点耦合，则光子可以在存在外部电磁场的情况下与低质量玻色子混合。重要的例子是假设的轴子（自旋 0）和引力子（自旋 2）。我们开发了一种形式主义，适用于研究光子（轴子、引力子）束在存在外部场的情况下的演化。我们应用我们的结果来讨论通过测量真空磁致双折射来检测轴子的可能性。我们还讨论了脉冲星磁场中的光子轴子（引力子）跃迁。麦克斯韦方程组的 QED 引起的非线性会导致磁双折射效应，在天体物理约束允许的轴子参数范围内，磁双折射效应比轴子引起的效应强得多。此外，这种 QED 效应会导致真空中光子的折射率在脉冲星附近非常大，以至于光子轴子（引力子）跃迁受到强烈抑制。然而，这种 QED 效应可以被等离子体折射效应抵消，导致光子和轴子之间的简并，从而可以发生类似于米赫耶夫-斯米尔诺夫-沃尔芬斯坦效应的共振跃迁。绝热条件只能在空间延伸的系统中满足，可能在磁白矮星的磁层中。我们的结论与最近对这些混合现象各个方面的几次讨论有很大不同。
Photons can mix with low-mass bosons in the presence of external electromagnetic fields if these particles---not necessarily of spin 1---couple by a two-photon vertex. Important examples are the hypothetical axion (spin 0) and graviton (spin 2). We develop a formalism which is adapted to study the evolution of a photon (axion, graviton) beam in the presence of external fields. We apply our results to discuss the possibility of detecting axions by a measurement of the magnetically induced birefringence of the vacuum. We also discuss photon-axion (graviton) transitions in pulsar magnetic fields. The QED-induced nonlinearity of Maxwell's equations causes magnetic birefringence effects which are much stronger than the axion-induced effects in the range of axion parameters allowed by astrophysical constraints. Also, this QED effect induces an index of refraction for photons in vacuum which is so large near pulsars that photon-axion (graviton) transitions are strongly suppressed. However, this QED effect can be canceled by plasma refractive effects, leading to degeneracy between photons and axions so that resonant transitions can occur in analogy with the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein effect. The adiabatic condition can be met only in spatially extended systems, possibly in the magnetosphere of magnetic white dwarfs. Our conclusions differ substantially from several recent discussions of various aspects of these mixing phenomena.