Differential effects on cognitive functioning in 9- to 12-year olds prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marihuana
Differential effects on cognitive functioning in 9- to 12-year olds prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marihuana
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DOI：
10.1016/s0892-0362(97)00091-3
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发表时间：
1998-05-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Gray, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fried, PA;Watkinson, B;Gray, R
对 131 名 9-12 岁儿童的认知表现进行了检查，这些儿童的产前大麻和香烟暴露情况已确定。一项正在进行的纵向研究的受试者、参与者来自低风险、主要是中产阶级样本。这些任务避开了 WISC-III 和一系列评估执行功能标题下的认知方面的测试。与早期获得的结果一致，判别函数分析显示，在控制了潜在的混杂因素（包括二手烟）后，产前香烟暴露与较低的整体智力分数之间仍然存在剂量依赖性关联，WISC 的言语分测试最大限度地区分了子宫内暴露水平。相比之下，产前接触大麻与整体智力或语言测试无关。相反，这种药物与需要冲动控制和视觉分析/假设检验的执行功能任务以及需要相同能力的许多 WISC 子测试呈负相关。这些结果的解释是根据执行功能进行讨论的，并与该样本的早期观察以及现有的前额叶和一般大麻文献有关。 (C) 1998 爱思唯尔科学公司。
Cognitive performance was examined in 131 9-12-year-old children for whom prenatal marihuana and cigarette exposure had been ascertained. The subjects, participants,in an ongoing longitudinal study, were from a low-risk, predominantly middle class sample. The tasks in eluded the WISC-III and a series of tests assessing aspects of cognition subsumed under the rubric of executive function. Consistent with results obtained at earlier ages, discriminant function analysis revealed a dose-dependent association, which remained after controlling for potential confounds (including secondhand smoke), between prenatal cigarette exposure and lower global intelligence scores with the verbal subtests of the WISC maximally discriminating among levels of in utero exposure. In contrast, prenatal marihuana exposure was not associated with global intelligence or the verbal subtests. Rather, this drug was negatively associated with the executive function tasks that require impulse control and visual analysis/hypothesis testing and with a number of WISC subtests requiring the same abilities. The interpretation of these results is discussed in terms of executive function and is related to earlier observations of this sample and to the extant prefrontal and general marihuana literature. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc.