Dose-related enhancement of mood and cognition in smokers administered nicotine nasal spray
Dose-related enhancement of mood and cognition in smokers administered nicotine nasal spray
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/sj.npp.1301425
复制
发表时间：
2008-02-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Heishman, Stephen J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Myers, Carol S.;Taylor, Richard C.;Heishman, Stephen J.
烟碱受体在注意力和记忆中的作用的发现导致了烟碱类似物作为患者群体认知增强剂的测试。关于尼古丁增强正常个体注意力和记忆力的能力的经验信息可能会指导尼古丁在认知障碍人群中的治疗用途的开发。本研究的目的是确定尼古丁对剥夺烟草和非剥夺吸烟者的持续注意力、工作记忆和计算处理的影响。共有 28 名吸烟者（14 名男性，14 名女性）参与了一项双盲、安慰剂对照、受试者内研究，其中他们在一个疗程中过夜（12 小时）戒烟，并在另一疗程之前随意吸烟。在每次治疗中，参与者以随机顺序以 90 分钟的间隔通过鼻喷雾剂接受 0、1 和 2 毫克尼古丁。每次服药之前和之后，进行一系列认知、主观和生理测量，并采集血样测定血浆尼古丁浓度。隔夜剥夺烟草会导致所有认知测试功能受损，并增加自我报告的烟草渴望和消极情绪；尼古丁使这些缺陷正常化。在非剥夺条件下，尼古丁以剂量相关的方式增强了连续性能测试（CPT）和算术测试的性能，但对工作记忆没有影响。一般来说，女性比男性对尼古丁的主观影响更敏感。这些结果明确表明尼古丁增强了非剥夺吸烟者的注意力和计算能力，并表明这些认知领域可以作为新治疗适应症的基础。
The discovery of the role of nicotinic receptors in attention and memory has led to the testing of nicotinic analogs as cognitive enhancing agents in patient populations. Empirical information about nicotine's ability to enhance elements of attention and memory in normal individuals might guide development of therapeutic uses of nicotine in cognitively impaired populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nicotine on continuous attention, working memory, and computational processing in tobacco-deprived and nondeprived smokers. A total of 28 smokers (14 men, 14 women) participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject study, in which they were overnight (12 h) tobacco deprived at one session and smoked ad libitum before the other session. At each session, participants received 0, 1, and 2mg nicotine via nasal spray in random order at 90 min intervals. Before and after each dose, a battery of cognitive, subjective, and physiological measures was administered, and blood samples were taken for plasma nicotine concentration. Overnight tobacco deprivation resulted in impaired functioning on all cognitive tests and increased self-reports of tobacco craving and negative mood; nicotine normalized these deficits. In the nondeprived condition, nicotine enhanced performance on the continuous performance test (CPT) and an arithmetic test in a dose-related manner, but had no effect on working memory. In general, women were more sensitive than men to the subjective effects of nicotine. These results provide an unequivocal determination that nicotine enhanced attentional and computational abilities in nondeprived smokers and suggest these cognitive domains as substrates for novel therapeutic indications.