"Knowing" the Rules: Administrative Work as Practice
"Knowing" the Rules: Administrative Work as Practice
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“知”规：行政工作实践
DOI：
10.1111/j.1540-6210.2004.00412.x
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
H. Wagenaar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Wagenaar
本文提出了一种以实践为基础的行政工作理论。根据荷兰移民局一位中层行政人员的丰富叙述，确定了行政实践的四个核心要素：背景、行动、了解和互动。以实践理论和民族方法论为线索，作者认为，行政工作的有形方面(决定、报告、谈判、标准操作程序，以及更高层次的制度抽象--结构、法律规则、职权线和问责)是对隐藏的、被认为是理所当然的例行公事的实施和制定：几乎不加思考的行动、默许知识、短暂的互动、实际判断、不言而喻的理解和背景知识、共享的意义和个人感受，这些构成了行政工作的核心。综上所述，背景、行动、了解和互动构成了对行政环境中实际判断的统一描述，行政环境的特点是复杂性、不确定性和对手头情况采取行动的必要性。
This article presents a theory of administrative work as practice. Building on a rich narrative of a mid-level administrator in the Dutch Immigration Office, four core elements of administrative practice are identified: contextuality, acting, knowing, and interacting. Taking cues from practice theory and ethnomethodology, the author argues that the visible aspects of administrative work (decisions, reports, negotiations, standard operating procedures, and-on a higher level of institutional abstraction-structures, legal rules, lines of authority, and accountability) are effectuations, enactments of the hidden, taken-for-granted routines: the almost unthinking actions, tacit knowledge, fleeting interactions, practical judgments, self-evident understandings and background knowledge, shared meanings, and personal feelings that constitute the core of administrative work. Taken together, contextuality, acting, knowing, and interacting make up a unified account of practical judgment in an administrative environment that is characterized by complexity, indeterminacy, and the necessity to act on the situation at hand.