Rat models of upper extremity impairment in stroke
Rat models of upper extremity impairment in stroke
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DOI：
10.1093/ilar.48.4.374
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Adkins, DeAnna L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kleim, Jeffrey A.;Boychuk, Jeffery A.;Adkins, DeAnna L.
中风仍然是成人残疾的主要原因，上肢运动障碍是幸存的中风患者中最突出的功能缺陷。中风后上肢功能障碍动物模型的建立使研究人员能够研究康复依赖运动恢复的神经机制以及各种辅助治疗促进恢复的功效。这项研究主要集中在实验性诱导的缺血性或出血性中风后的大鼠前肢运动功能模型上。本文综述了几种不同的诱发中风的方法，包括断流、光血栓、化学血管收缩和出血。我们还描述了评估中风后前肢运动功能的一系列感觉运动任务。任务范围从大运动表现的测量到精细物体操作和运动学运动分析，我们提供了揭示运动缺陷的敏感性和执行每个运动测试所需的时间的比较。此外，我们还讨论了几个重要的方法问题，包括在多个任务中进行测试以表征损伤的性质的重要性，建立稳定的基线卒中前运动性能测量，分离急性和慢性测试的影响，以及验证病变的位置和大小。最后，我们概述了使用大鼠中风模型进行研究的一般考虑因素，以及这些模型在指导临床试验中应该发挥的作用。
Stroke remains the leading cause of adult disability, with upper extremity motor impairments being the most prominent functional deficit in surviving stroke victims. The development of animal models of upper extremity dysfunction after stroke has enabled investigators to examine the neural mechanisms underlying rehabilitation-dependent motor recovery as well as the efficacy of various adjuvant therapies for enhancing recovery. Much of this research has focused on rat models of forelimb motor function after experimentally induced ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. This article provides a review of several different methods for inducing stroke, including devascularization, photothrombosis, chemical vasoconstriction, and hemorrhagia. We also describe a battery of sensorimotor tasks for assessing forelimb motor function after stroke. The tasks range from measures of gross motor performance to fine object manipulation and kinematic movement analysis, and we offer a comparison of the sensitivity for revealing motor deficits and the amount of time required to administer each motor test. In addition, we discuss several important methodological issues, including the importance of testing on multiple tasks to characterize the nature of the impairments, establishing stable baseline prestroke motor performance measures, dissociating the effects of acute versus chronic testing, and verifying lesion location and size. Finally, we outline general considerations for conducting research using rat models of stroke and the role that these models should play in guiding clinical trials.