Cutting frequency vs. N application: effect of a 20‐year management in Lolio‐Cynosuretum grassland
Cutting frequency vs. N application: effect of a 20‐year management in Lolio‐Cynosuretum grassland
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割草频率与施氮：Lolio-Cynosuretum 草原 20 年管理的效果
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发表时间：
2011
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通讯作者：
M. Hejcman
中科院分区：
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作者：
V. Pavlů;J. Schellberg;M. Hejcman
本研究的目的是确定不同的长期管理方案对重建传统的物种丰富的草地在Lolio-Cynosuretum草原的影响。该实验于1987年在艾弗尔山脉（德国）的一个低施肥割草牧场开始。每年两次和四次切割，每三个水平的氮肥施用进行了比较，不施用磷和钾肥。生物量的增加，由于施氮，而粗蛋白质含量和有机物的消化率提高四切割处理。在20年的时间里，我们发现了一个显着的转变，优势草种没有任何显着的影响，物种丰富度。多年生黑麦草和偃麦草被绒毛草和看麦娘取代，尤其是在施氮的两次切割处理中。在未施肥的样地中，当草地每年仅被切割两次时，出现了几个二叶舌兰个体，这可能是由于养分耗尽以及低切割频率的结果。削减数量的增加，主要支持植物品种，以及适应集约化管理，即使在低N的应用和相对较低的植物有效P含量在土壤中。因此，我们得出结论，切割频率是一个关键的驱动器在这个实验中的植物物种组成。传统的物种丰富的草地，从集中管理的Lolio-Cynosuretum重建没有实现在20年内的切割管理相结合的情况下，P和K的应用。
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different long-term management options on re-establishment of traditional species-rich grassland in a Lolio-Cynosuretum grassland. The experiment was set up in 1987 in a low-fertilized mown pasture in the Eifel Mountains (Germany). Two and four cuts per year each with three levels of nitrogen fertilizer application were compared to no application of P and K fertilizer. Biomass production increased as a result of N application, whereas crude protein content and digestibility of organic matter improved in the four-cut treatments. During a 20-year period, we found a significant shift in dominant grass species without any significant effect on species richness. Lolium perenne and Elytrigia repens were replaced by Holcus lanatus and Alopecurus pratensis, especially in the two-cut treatments with N application. In the unfertilized plots, several individuals of Platanthera bifolia appeared when swards were cut only twice per year, probably as a result of nutrient depletion together with low cutting frequency. An increase in number of cuts mainly supported plant species well adapted to intensive management, even under low N application and relatively low plant-available P content in the soil. Therefore, we conclude that cutting frequency was a key driver on plant species composition in this experiment. The re-establishment of traditional species-rich grassland from intensively managed Lolio-Cynosuretum was not achieved within 20 years of cutting management combined with absence of P and K application.