What Impact Are EU Supermarket Standards Having on Developing Countries' Export of High-Value Horticultural Products? Evidence From Kenya
What Impact Are EU Supermarket Standards Having on Developing Countries' Export of High-Value Horticultural Products? Evidence From Kenya
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DOI：
10.1080/08974431003641398
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Waibel, Hermann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Asfaw, Solomon;Mithoefer, Dagmar;Waibel, Hermann
欧洲联盟零售商正在制定新鲜食品生产的全球基准，并要求其供应商根据食品安全和质量标准对产品进行认证。发展中国家小规模生产者要遵守这些标准，就需要对可变投入和长期结构进行昂贵的投资。经验证据有限，既不能反驳也不能证实以下关切：这些标准的扩散和严格程度的提高使小农户在全球市场上边缘化。因此，本文探讨了遵守成本，解释小农决定采用欧盟私营质量标准的因素，以及标准对农场财务业绩的影响。我们开发了一个2阶段的标准治疗效果模型来解释自我选择作为内分泌源。分析的基础是随机抽样的439个小规模出口蔬菜生产者在肯尼亚的生产监测在2005-2006年。我们证明，采用者和nonadopters是由他们的资产持有和家庭财富，获得服务，劳动力捐赠，教育水平的区别。一旦我们控制了内分泌问题，我们发现小规模生产者可以从农场一级采用标准中获益匪浅。
European Union retailers are setting global benchmarks for the production of fresh food and are asking their suppliers for produce to be certified according to food safety and quality standards. Compliance with these standards for developing countries' small-scale producers entails costly investment in variable inputs and long-term structures. Limited empirical evidence exists either to refute or confirm the concern that the proliferation and enhanced stringency of these standards marginalize smallholders from the global market. This paper therefore explores the costs of compliance, factors explaining the smallholder decision to adopt EU private quality standards, and the impacts of the standards on farm financial performance. We develop a 2-stage standard treatment effect model to account for self-selection as a source of endogeneity. Analysis is based on a random cross section sample of 439 small-scale export vegetable producers in Kenya whose production was monitored in 2005-2006. We demonstrate that adopters and nonadopters are distinguishable by their asset holding and household wealth, access to services, labor endowment, and level of education. Once we control for the endogeneity problem, we find that small-scale producers can benefit substantially from adopting the standards at the farm level.