Competition and Predation in Marine Soft-Sediment Communities
Competition and Predation in Marine Soft-Sediment Communities
复制标题
海洋软沉积物群落的竞争与捕食
DOI：
10.1146/annurev.es.21.110190.001253
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
W. Wilson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Wilson
群落生态学的主要目标之一是了解居民生物之间的相互作用如何影响它们的分布和丰度。对于陆地和岩石潮间带群落，竞争和捕食显然可以在群落组织中发挥关键作用（28，47，84）。尽管海洋软沉积物是地球上最常见的生境，但生物过程在组织海洋软沉积物群落方面的重要性还没有得到很好的理解（86）。正如我在下面所论证的，基于其他生境的群落组织模式似乎对海洋软沉积物群落的结构没有什么洞察力。而不是试图解释这种范式的失败，我认为，软沉积物栖息地是足够不同的其他社区，需要不同的范式。软沉积物群落的物理环境性质变化的速度是不寻常的。大多数沉积物颗粒小于常驻生物（底栖动物）。在数小时或数天的时间内，底栖动物的活动可以极大地改变环境的性质。例如，穴居的底栖动物可能增加沉积物的孔隙度和可侵蚀性（102）。地下沉积物可能会改变
One of the major goals of community ecology is to understand how interactions among the resident organisms affect their distribution and abundance. For terrestrial and rocky intertidal communities competition and predation clearly can play pivotal roles in community organization (28, 47, 84). The importance of biological processes in organizing marine soft-sediment communities is not as well understood (86), despite the fact that marine soft-sediments are the most common habitat on earth. As 1 argue below, paradigms of co~nmunity organization based on other habitats seem to offer little insight into the structure of marine soft-sediment communities. Rather than attempting to explain the failure of such paradigms, I argue that softsediment habitats are sufficiently different from other communities that different paradigms are needed. Soft-sediment communities are unusual in the rate at which the nature of the physical environment can change. Most sedimentary particles are smaller than the resident organisms (the infauna). The activities of the infauna can dramatically change the nature of the environment over time periods of hours or days. For instance, burrowing infauna may increase the porosity and erodability of the sediment (102). Subsurface deposit-feeders may alter the