Long-term exposure to urban air pollution measured through a dispersion model and the risk of asthma and allergy in children
Long-term exposure to urban air pollution measured through a dispersion model and the risk of asthma and allergy in children
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DOI：
10.1016/s0001-4079(19)32470-7
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发表时间：
2009-06-01
影响因子：
0.3
通讯作者：
Annesi-Maesano, Isabella
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Charpin, Denis;Penard-Morand, Celine;Annesi-Maesano, Isabella
慢性城市空气污染对哮喘和过敏的影响仍然存在争议，可能是因为暴露难以评估。在对法国6个城镇9至11岁儿童进行的横断面流行病学调查中，使用考虑到背景空气污染水平、交通密度、地形和气象条件沿着的扩散模型对空气污染水平进行了估计。我们估计了学校环境中苯、挥发性有机化合物、直径小于10微米的二氧化硫颗粒（PM10）、氮氧化物（NO2和NOx）和CO的三年暴露量，这些都是主要的城市空气污染物。通过问卷调查、体格检查、皮肤点刺试验和运动试验后峰流量变化的测量，收集了几项健康指标。在近5000名儿童谁一直生活在调查区至少3年，哮喘和运动诱发的高反应性的12个月和累积患病率与估计水平的苯，SO2，PM10，NOx和CO。特应性皮炎的12个月和累积患病率与估计的苯，PM10，NO2，NOx和CO水平。花粉致敏与苯和PM10水平相关，过敏性鼻炎的累积患病率与PM10水平相关。这些关联在那些一生都生活在同一社区的儿童中仍然具有统计学意义
The impact of chronic urban air pollution on asthma and allergy remains controversial, probably because exposure is difficult to evaluate. In this cross-sectional epidemiological survey of 9- to 11-year-old children living in six French towns, levels of air pollution were estimated by using dispersion models that take into account background air pollution levels along with traffic density, topography and meteorological conditions. We estimated three-year exposure, in the school environment, to benzene, volatile organic compounds, SO2 particles less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10), nitrous oxides (NO2 and NOx) and CO, which are the main urban air pollutants. Several health indicators were gathered by means of a questionnaire, a physical examination, skin prick testing, and measurement of peak-flow variations following an exercise test. Among the nearly 5000 children who had been living in the survey area for at least three years, the 12-month and cumulative prevalence rates of asthma and exercise-induced hyper-reactivity correlated with estimated levels of benzene, SO2, PM10, NOx and CO. The 12-month and cumulative prevalence rates of atopic dermatitis correlated with estimated benzene, PM10, NO2, NOx and CO levels. Pollen sensitization correlated with benzene and PM10 levels, and the cumulative prevalence of allergic rhinitis correlated with the PM10 level. These associations remained statistically significant among children who had spent their entire lives in the same community