On partial control in German
On partial control in German
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论德语的部分控制
DOI：
10.1007/s10828-017-9088-y
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Silke Fischer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pitteroff;Marcel;Artemis Alexiadou;Jeannique Darby ;Silke Fischer
部分控制现象（PC;参见。朗道在《控制要素：结构和意义在不定式结构中，Kluwer，多尔德雷赫特，2000）在最近的文献中受到了大量的关注，有两种一般的方法：虽然一些作者认为PC是应该被控制理论捕获的核心现象（例如，朗道2000及以下;皮尔森在自我意识：主题的语义学的de se表达式。博士论文，2013年; NLLT 34：691 - 738，2016），其他人则通过将PC视为具有隐蔽通信的穷举控制（EC）的实例来否认PC与控制理论的相关性（Hornstein，in：Hendrick（艾德编）Minimalist syntax，Blackwell，Oxford，pp 681，2003; Boeckx et al. in Control as movement，剑桥University Press，剑桥，2010）。在本文中，我们将仔细研究德国可以为这场辩论做出什么贡献。由于PC-数据被认为是微妙的可接受性方面，我们提交的现象进行实验研究。我们的研究结果清楚地表明，矩阵和嵌入式谓词是相关的可用性的PC阅读在德国：如果嵌入式谓词不许可comitatives，矩阵谓词必须是态度（PC谓词在朗道的2000年术语），而如果矩阵谓词是非态度（朗道的EC型），嵌入式谓词必须许可comitatives。因此，我们得出结论，德语中存在两种机制来推导PC读数（即，具有嵌入式集合谓词的奇异控制器）：（i）真PCvia，例如，Pearson（2013）意义上的扩展，以及（ii）假PC，这实际上是具有隐蔽comitative的穷举控制（Hornstein 2003; Sheehan in Camb Occas Pap Linguist 6：1 - 47，2012; in：Lahousse，Marzo（eds）Romance languages and linguistic theory 2012：selected papers from 'Going Romance' Leuven 2012，pp 181 - 198，2014）。这些结论对强制性控制结构的讨论产生了影响，因为控制理论必须解释在真正的PC情况下存在的包含关系。基于我们的研究结果，我们提出了一种多因素方法，如Pearson（2013，2016）或朗道（双层控制理论。Linguistic inquiry monographs，vol 71，MIT Press，剑桥，2015）最足以捕获在真实PC的实例中发现的变化。然而，我们的研究也表明，PC的外围性质需要实验方法，以调查其作为一种语法现象在语言中的地位，而且，此外，任何研究的重点是PC必须确保其讨论是基于真正的实例PC，鉴于假PC是一个真实的选项的语言。
The phenomenon of Partial Control (PC; cf. Landau in Elements of control: structure and meaning in infinitival constructions, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2000) has received a great deal of attention in recent literature, with two general approaches: while some authors take PC to be a core phenomenon that should be captured by control theory (e.g., Landau 2000 et seq.; Pearson in The sense of self: topics in the semantics of de se expressions. Ph.D. dissertation, 2013; NLLT 34:691–738, 2016), others deny the relevance of PC to control theory by treating it as an instance of exhaustive control (EC) with a covert comitative (Hornstein, in: Hendrick (ed) Minimalist syntax, Blackwell, Oxford, pp 681, 2003; Boeckx et al. in Control as movement, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2010). In this paper, we take a closer look at what German can contribute to this debate. Since PC-data are known to be subtle in terms of acceptability, we submitted the phenomenon to experimental investigation. The results of our study clearly show that both the matrix and the embedded predicate are relevant for the availability of a PC-reading in German: if the embedded predicate does not license comitatives, the matrix predicate must be attitudinal (a PC-predicate in Landau’s 2000 terminology), while if the matrix predicate is non-attitudinal (Landau’s EC-type), the embedded predicate must license comitatives. We thus conclude that two mechanisms exist in German to derive a PC-reading (i.e., singular controller with an embedded collective predicate): (i)true PCvia, e.g.,extensionin the sense of Pearson (2013), and (ii)fake PC, which is, in fact, exhaustive control with a covert comitative (Hornstein 2003; Sheehan in Camb Occas Pap Linguist 6:1–47, 2012; in: Lahousse, Marzo (eds) Romance languages and linguistic theory 2012: selected papers from ‘Going Romance’ Leuven 2012, pp 181–198, 2014). These conclusions have an impact on the discussion of obligatory control structures insofar as control theory must account for the inclusion relation that holds in cases of true PC. Based on our results, we propose that a multi-factor approach such as argued for by Pearson (2013, 2016) or Landau (A two-tiered theory of control. Linguistic inquiry monographs, vol 71, MIT Press, Cambridge, 2015) is most adequate to capture the variation found in instances of true PC. However, our study also shows that the peripheral nature of PC requires experimental methods in order to investigate its status as a grammatical phenomenon in a language, and, furthermore, that any study focusing on PC must ensure that its discussion is based on true instances of PC, given that fake PC is a real option in languages.
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