Structural Stigma and Sexual Minority Victimization Across 28 Countries: The Moderating Role of Gender, Gender Nonconformity, and Socioeconomic Status.
Structural Stigma and Sexual Minority Victimization Across 28 Countries: The Moderating Role of Gender, Gender Nonconformity, and Socioeconomic Status.
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DOI：
10.1177/08862605221108087
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发表时间：
2023-02
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Pachankis, John
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Branstrom, Richard;Fellman, Daniel;Pachankis, John
国家一级对性少数群体的结构性污名化（即，歧视性法律和政策以及偏见态度）与性少数群体个人的心理健康和个人层面的污名化过程（如隐瞒身份）密切相关。结构性污名是否也与人际层面的污名过程（如受害）有关，很少研究。结构性耻辱和性少数个体的人际虐待之间的关联是否因性别、性别不一致和社会经济地位而异，还有待确定。2012年，生活在28个欧洲国家的性少数成年人（n = 86，308）回答了评估过去12个月受害经历的问题（即，人身或性攻击或暴力威胁）。国家一级的结构性耻辱客观地索引为国家法律，政策和人口态度的总和，对性少数个体产生负面影响。国家一级的结构性耻辱与受害显着相关（调整后的比值比[AOR]：1.13，95%置信区间[CI]：1.04-1.22; p = .004）。然而，这种影响因性别、性别不一致和社会经济地位而异。对于性少数的男性和女性来说，性别不一致和较低的社会经济地位与受害风险增加有关。在社会经济地位较低的性别歧视男性中，国家层面的污名化与受害之间的关联最强（AOR：1.32，95% CI：1.14-1.52; p < .001）。生活在污名化程度较高的国家的性少数群体报告受害情况的比例比生活在污名化程度较低的国家的人高得多。与此同时，国家一级的结构性污名化与受害之间的关联主要集中在社会经济地位较低的性别歧视男子中。
Country-level structural stigma toward sexual minority individuals (i.e., discriminatory laws and policies and prejudicial attitudes) shows robust associations with sexual minority individuals’ mental health and individual-level stigma processes, such as identity concealment. Whether structural stigma is also associated with interpersonal-level stigma processes, such as victimization, is rarely studied. Whether the association between structural stigma and sexual minority individuals’ interpersonal mistreatment varies across gender, gender nonconformity, and socioeconomic status also remains to be determined. In 2012, sexual minority adults (n = 86,308) living in 28 European countries responded to questions assessing past-12-month victimization experiences (i.e., physical or sexual attack or threat of violence). Country-level structural stigma was objectively indexed as an aggregate of national laws, policies, and population attitudes negatively affecting sexual minority individuals Country-level structural stigma was significantly associated with victimization (adjusted odds ratios [AOR]: 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–1.22; p = .004). However, this effect varied by gender, gender nonconformity, and socioeconomic status. For both sexual minority men and women, gender nonconformity and lower socioeconomic status were associated with increased risk of victimization. The strongest association between country-level stigma and victimization was found among gender nonconforming men with lower socioeconomic status (AOR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.14–1.52; p < .001). A much larger proportion of sexual minorities living in higher stigma countries reports victimization than those living in lower stigma countries. At the same time, the association between country-level structural stigma and victimization is most heavily concentrated among gender nonconforming men with lower socioeconomic status.
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