Land use impacts on biodiversity in LCA: a global approach
Land use impacts on biodiversity in LCA: a global approach
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DOI：
10.1007/s11367-012-0412-0
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发表时间：
2013-07-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Koellner, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
de Baan, Laura;Alkemade, Rob;Koellner, Thomas
土地利用是全球生物多样性丧失的主要驱动力，其环境相关性在生命周期评估（LCA）研究中得到广泛认可。生物多样性固有的空间异质性及其对土地利用的不一致反应要求进行区域化评估，而价值链分布在全球的许多生命周期评估应用则需要全球范围。本文介绍了第一种方法来量化土地利用对生物多样性的影响，在世界不同地区，并强调不确定性和研究需求，这项研究是基于联合国环境规划署（UNEP）/社会的环境毒理学和化学（SETAC）的土地利用评估框架，并侧重于占领的影响，量化为生物多样性损害潜力（BDP）。将不同土地利用类型的物种丰富度与（半）自然区域参考情况进行比较，以计算物种丰富度的相对变化。关于多个物种群体的数据来自全球定量文献审查和瑞士的国家生物多样性监测数据。土地利用类型、地理区域（即，生物群系）、种组和资料来源进行统计分析。对于一个数据子集的生物群落（亚）热带湿润阔叶林，不同的物种为基础的生物多样性指标进行了计算和结果比较。不同的土地利用对地理区域和分类群体的影响解释了一些变异性。指标的选择也对结果有很大影响。相对物种丰富度对土地利用的敏感性低于考虑参考物种相似性和土地利用情况的指标。不确定性的可能来源，如指标和分类组的选择，土地利用分类和区域化进行了认真的讨论，并提出了进一步的改进。土地利用影响的数据在地球仪上分布很不均匀，因果链上存在相当大的知识差距，所提出的方法允许在全球范围内土地利用对生物多样性的影响进行粗略的量化。由于生物多样性具有内在的异质性，而且数据的可得性有限，因此结果的不确定性相当大。所提出的BDP特征因子可以近似计算生命周期评估研究中土地利用对生物多样性的影响，这些研究的目的不是直接支持土地管理实践的决策。对于此类研究，需要进行更详细的、取决于研究中心的评估。为评估土地利用的总体影响，还应量化转型影响。因此，需要更准确和区域化的生态系统再生时间数据。
Land use is a main driver of global biodiversity loss and its environmental relevance is widely recognized in research on life cycle assessment (LCA). The inherent spatial heterogeneity of biodiversity and its non-uniform response to land use requires a regionalized assessment, whereas many LCA applications with globally distributed value chains require a global scale. This paper presents a first approach to quantify land use impacts on biodiversity across different world regions and highlights uncertainties and research needs.The study is based on the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)/Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) land use assessment framework and focuses on occupation impacts, quantified as a biodiversity damage potential (BDP). Species richness of different land use types was compared to a (semi-)natural regional reference situation to calculate relative changes in species richness. Data on multiple species groups were derived from a global quantitative literature review and national biodiversity monitoring data from Switzerland. Differences across land use types, biogeographic regions (i.e., biomes), species groups and data source were statistically analyzed. For a data subset from the biome (sub-)tropical moist broadleaf forest, different species-based biodiversity indicators were calculated and the results compared.An overall negative land use impact was found for all analyzed land use types, but results varied considerably. Different land use impacts across biogeographic regions and taxonomic groups explained some of the variability. The choice of indicator also strongly influenced the results. Relative species richness was less sensitive to land use than indicators that considered similarity of species of the reference and the land use situation. Possible sources of uncertainty, such as choice of indicators and taxonomic groups, land use classification and regionalization are critically discussed and further improvements are suggested. Data on land use impacts were very unevenly distributed across the globe and considerable knowledge gaps on cause-effect chains remain.The presented approach allows for a first rough quantification of land use impact on biodiversity in LCA on a global scale. As biodiversity is inherently heterogeneous and data availability is limited, uncertainty of the results is considerable. The presented characterization factors for BDP can approximate land use impacts on biodiversity in LCA studies that are not intended to directly support decision-making on land management practices. For such studies, more detailed and site-dependent assessments are required. To assess overall land use impacts, transformation impacts should additionally be quantified. Therefore, more accurate and regionalized data on regeneration times of ecosystems are needed.