What it will take to Feed 5.0 Billion Rice consumers in 2030
What it will take to Feed 5.0 Billion Rice consumers in 2030
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DOI：
10.1007/s11103-005-2159-5
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发表时间：
2005-09-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Khush, GS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Khush, GS
由于采用绿色革命技术，水稻生产取得了重大进展。1966年至2000年间，人口密集的低收入国家的人口增长了90%，但大米产量从1966年的2.57亿吨增加到2000年的6亿吨，增长了130%。然而，大米消费国的人口继续增长，据估计，到2030年，我们将不得不多生产40种大米。这种增长的需求将不得不用更少的土地、更少的水、更少的劳动力和更少的化学品来满足。为了应对在合适的土地上生产更多水稻的挑战，我们需要具有更高产量潜力和更大产量稳定性的水稻品种。提高水稻产量潜力的各种策略包括：(1)常规杂交和选择程序，(2)理想型育种，(3)杂交育种，(4)广泛杂交和(5)基因工程。目前正在采用各种常规和生物技术方法来发展对疾病和昆虫的持久抵抗力以及对非生物胁迫的耐受性。水稻基因组序列的可用性现在将允许通过功能基因组学鉴定6万个水稻基因中的每个基因的功能。一旦确定了一个基因的功能，就有可能通过传统育种将该基因引入水稻品种，并结合标记辅助选择或直接将基因工程引入水稻品种。
Major advances have occurred in rice production due to adoption of green revolution technology. Between 1966 and 2000, the population of densely populated low income countries grew by 90% but rice production increased by 130% from 257 million tons in 1966 to 600 million tons in 2000. However, the population of rice consuming countries continues to grow and it is estimated that we will have to produce 40 more rice in 2030. This increased demand will have to be met from less land, with less water, less labor and fewer chemicals. To meet the challenge of producing more rice from suitable lands we need rice varieties with higher yield potential and greater yield stability. Various strategies for increasing the rice yield potential being employed include: (1) conventional hybridization and selection procedures, (2) ideotype breeding, (3) hybrid breeding, (4) wide hybridization and (5) genetic engineering. Various conventional and biotechnology approach are being employed to develop durable resistance to diseases and insect and for tolerance to abiotic stresses. The availability of the rice genome sequence will now permit identification of the function of each of 60,000 rice genes through functional genomics. Once the function of a gene is identified, it will be possible to develop new rice varieties by introduction of the gene through traditional breeding in combination with marker aided selection or direct engineering of genes into rice varieties.