Improving Understanding of the Global Hydrologic Cycle
Improving Understanding of the Global Hydrologic Cycle
复制标题
增进对全球水文循环的了解
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Wood
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Gleick;H. Cooley;J. Famiglietti;D. Lettenmaier;T. Oki;C. Vörösmarty;E. Wood
了解水文循环的复杂性是了解其他行星地质，大气，化学和物理过程的核心。水也是其他核心经济、社会和政治问题的核心，如贫困、健康、饥饿、环境可持续性、冲突和经济繁荣。随着社会努力满足不断增长的人口对商品和服务的需求，我们必须提高对水文循环基础科学、水文循环与相关全球进程的联系以及水文循环在生态和社会福祉中发挥的作用的认识。与此同时，人类对水循环的性质和动态的影响正在迅速增长。解决这些挑战的核心是需要改善我们管理、共享和分析各种水资源数据的系统，以及我们对水文循环和管理人类用水需求的系统进行建模和预测的能力。我们需要更好地了解所有尺度上水文水平衡的每个组成部分，并了解水循环组成部分的空间和时间变异性。本章简要总结了当前WCRP的工作，并解决了四个主要的研究挑战：
1.
以更高的空间和时间分辨率和更高的精确度，收集关于水文循环和人类用水所有方面的更全面的数据和信息;
2.
改进这些数据的管理和分发;
3.
在陆地-大气-海洋耦合模式中改进对水循环的人为操纵的表述，这些模式用于预测季节到年际以及十年到世纪时间尺度的气候变化和变化;
4.
扩大了水文科学与淡水管理和利用的技术、社会、经济和政治方面的交叉研究。
Understanding the complexity of the hydrological cycle is central to understanding a wide range of other planetary geological, atmospheric, chemical, and physical processes. Water is also central to other core economic, social, and political issues such as poverty, health, hunger, environmental sustainability, conflict, and economic prosperity. As society seeks to meet demands for goods and services for a growing population, we must improve our understanding of the fundamental science of the hydrological cycle, its links with related global processes, and the role it plays in ecological and societal well-being. At the same time, human influences on the character and dynamics of the water cycle are growing rapidly. Central to solving these challenges is the need to improve our systems for managing, sharing, and analyzing all kinds of water data, and our ability to model and forecast aspects of both the hydrological cycle and the systems we put in place to manage human demands for water. We need to improve our understanding of each of the components of the hydrological water balance at all scales, and to understand the spatial and temporal variability in the components of the water cycle. This chapter provides a short summary of current WCRP efforts and addresses four primary research challenges:
1.
The collection of more comprehensive data and information on all aspects of the hydrologic cycle and human uses of water, at enhanced spatial and temporal resolution and increased precision;
2.
Improved management and distribution of these data;
3.
Improved representation of the anthropogenic manipulations of the water cycle in the coupled land-atmosphere-ocean models used to forecast climate variations and change at both seasonal to interannual, and decade to century, time scales; and
4.
Expanded research at the intersection of hydrological sciences and the technical, social, economic, and political aspects of freshwater management and use.