Ethnic India: A genomic view, with special reference to peopling and structure
Ethnic India: A genomic view, with special reference to peopling and structure
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DOI：
10.1101/gr.1413403
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发表时间：
2003-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Majumder, PP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Basu, A;Mukherjee, N;Majumder, PP
我们报告了来自印度大量不同种族人群的58个DNA标记（线粒体[mt]、y染色体和常染色体）和mtHVSI序列数据的综合统计分析。我们的研究结果提供了基因组证据：(1)印度女性谱系存在潜在的统一性，这表明女性定居者最初的数量可能很小；(2)部落和种姓人口高度分化；(3)南亚部落是印度最早的定居者，这为一种人类学假设提供了支持，同时反驳了其他一些假说；(4)一大批人类从东北部进入印度；(5)藏缅部落与南亚部落具有相当多的遗传共性，支持了藏缅部落与南亚部落可能在中国南方有共同栖息地的假设，但可以根据y染色体单倍型区分藏缅部落与南亚部落；(6)在说印欧语的游牧民族到来之前，德拉威部落可能在印度各地广泛分布，但为了避免统治而撤退到印度南部；(7)核裂变形成的种群产生了奠基者效应和漂变效应，在当代种群的遗传结构上留下了印记；(8)上层种姓与中亚人群的遗传亲缘关系更密切，尽管印度南部的人比印度北部的人距离更远；流入印度的历史基因导致当代人口的遗传历史在很大程度上被抹去，因此目前在遗传和地理或社会文化方面没有明显的一致性。
We report a comprehensive statistical analysis of data on 58 DNA markers (mitochondrial [mt], Y-chromosomal, and autosomal) and sequence data of the mtHVSI from a large number of ethnically diverse populations of India. Our results provide genomic evidence that (1) there is an underlying unity of female lineages in India, indicating that the initial number of female settlers may have been small; (2) the tribal and the caste populations are highly differentiated; (3) the Austro-Asiatic tribals are the earliest settlers in India, providing support to one anthropological hypothesis while refuting some others; (4) a major wave of humans entered India through the northeast; (5) the Tibeto-Burman tribals share considerable genetic commonalities with the Austro-Asiatic tribals, supporting the hypothesis that they may have shared a common habitat in southern China, but the two groups of tribals can be differentiated on the basis of Y-chromosomal haplotypes; (6) the Dravidian tribals were possibly widespread throughout India before the arrival of the Indo-European-speaking nomads, but retreated to southern India to avoid dominance; (7) formation of populations by fission that resulted in founder and drift effects have left their imprints on the genetic structures of contemporary populations; (8) the upper castes show closer genetic affinities with Central Asian populations, although those of southern India are more distant than those of northern India; (9) historical gene flow into India has contributed to a considerable obliteration of genetic histories of contemporary populations so that there is at present no clear congruence of genetic and geographical or sociocultural affinities.