Authorial Defense in Boccaccio and Ruzante: From Liminal to Liminoid
Authorial Defense in Boccaccio and Ruzante: From Liminal to Liminoid
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薄伽丘和鲁赞特的作者辩护：从阈限到阈限
DOI：
10.1080/08831157.1987.11000426
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发表时间：
1987
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Carroll
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Carroll
文艺复兴时期的剧作家安杰洛·贝奥尔科（Angelo Beolco，《鲁赞特二世》[II Ruzante]）为了保护自己不被批评其粗鄙，在他的戏剧《拉贝蒂亚》（La Betia）结尾处用了一个自我辩护的congedo，这个congedo在很大程度上借鉴了作者对《十日谈》的辩护。[1]然而，这部戏剧的内容和预期的效果明显比薄伽丘的小说集激进得多。为了使这位权威作家的哲学与他自己的非常接近，贝奥尔科仔细地从薄伽丘的论点中挑选，改变和重新排列它们以代表他的信仰。这是贝奥尔科作品中唯一的congedo，也是作者直接论述其作品中明显的性特征的唯一段落，简短的演讲揭示了作者的意图。比较两位作者的作品和辩护可以看出，薄伽丘在对社会价值观提出一些质疑后接受了这些价值观，而贝奥尔科则拒绝了这些价值观，并提出了新的价值观。尽管两位作者在一些重要问题上存在分歧，但他们有着某些共同的态度。他们提出反对传统的信念，即人类的行为应该完全由抽象的精神或宫廷规则，并肯定了日常现实的行为的重要性。因此，与许多同时代作家不同，他们每个人都把自己的作品放在日常世界中，关注人性的各个方面，包括令人讨厌的方面，以形成他对人性的结论。马里奥·巴拉托观察到，对薄伽丘来说，"我的现实服务于一个优越的和脆弱的文字。[2]贝奥尔科也采用了同样的手法，被认为是薄伽丘最积极的追随者之一。这一哲学的一个组成部分是接受肉体的欲望作为爱的一个基本方面，这是两位作者作品的特点。薄伽丘在《十日谈的第四天》中最清楚地表达了他对性的态度。他在当天的介绍中引用了Filippo Balducci的插曲，表达了他的信念，即性本能是好的，因为它是自然计划的一部分，它将战胜所有扼杀它的企图。4在当天的第一部中篇小说中，吉斯蒙达动情地对父亲说，肉体的欲望是青春的法则之一，当她的情人不能提供丈夫时，她就有理由去找他。Beolco更加活跃，在Betia的开场白中宣布：“男人和女人之间的自然是最美丽的东西。"这位16世纪的剧作家还把他对社会习俗的论战--
To protect himself from criticisms of its scurrilousness, Renaissance playwright Angelo Beolco (II Ruzante) closed his play La Betia with a self-justificatory congedo which drew heavily upon the authorial defense of the Decameron. 1 The content of the play and its intended effect, however, were significantly more radical than those of Boccaccio's collection of novelle. To make it appear that the philosophy of the canonical writer closely approximated his own, Beolco carefully selected among Boccaccio's arguments, altering and reordering them to represent his beliefs. The sole congedo in Beolco's opus and the only passage in which the author addresses directly the prominence of explicit sexuality in his works, the short speech reveals much about the author's purpose. A comparison of the works and defenses of both authors shows that Boccaccio, after some questioning of social values, accepts them, while Beolco, rejecting them, proposes new ones.Though differing on some important points, the two authors shared certain attitudes. They raised objections to the conventional belief that human conduct ought to be governed solely by abstract spiritual or courtly rules and affirmed the importance of everyday reality to behavior. Thus, unlike many contemporary writers, each set his works in the day-to-day world and concerned himself with varied aspects of human nature, including unsavory ones, in forming his conclusions about it. Mario Baratto observed that for Boccaccio" Ia realta serve di supporto a una superiore e raffinata elaborazione letteraria." 2 Beolco employed much the same technique and is considered one of Boccaccio's most energetic followers. 3 Integral to this philosophy was the acceptance of fleshly desire as a fundamental aspect of love which characterizes the works of both authors. Boccaccio presents his attitude toward sexuality most clearly in the Decameron's Fourth Day. The episode of Filippo Balducci, which he cites in the Introduction to the day, expresses his belief that the sexual instinct is good because it is part of nature's plan and that it will triumph over all attempts to stifle it. 4 In the first novella of the day, Ghismonda declares movingly to her father that fleshly desire is one of the laws of youth and justifies her taking a lover when he does not provide a husband. Beolco is more exuberant, opening the Prologue of the Betia with the declaration," The natural between men and women is the most beautiful thing there could be." The sixteenth-century playwright also takes his polemic against social mores fur-