Social ties and susceptibility to the common cold
Social ties and susceptibility to the common cold
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DOI：
10.1001/jama.277.24.1940
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发表时间：
1997-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gwaltney, Jack M., Jr.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cohen, Sheldon;Doyle, William J.;Gwaltney, Jack M., Jr.
客观的。检验这样的假设：与朋友、家人、工作和社区的不同联系与宿主对感染的抵抗力增强有关。设计。在报告了参与 12 种社会关系（例如配偶、父母、朋友、同事、社会团体成员）的程度后，受试者接受了含有 2 种鼻病毒中的一种的滴鼻剂，并监测了普通感冒的发生情况。环境。隔离。参与者。共有276名健康志愿者，年龄在18岁至55岁之间，既没有人类免疫缺陷病毒血清阳性，也没有怀孕。结果措施。感冒（已证实感染的疾病）、粘液产生、粘液纤毛清除功能和病毒复制量。结果。针对这两种病毒，那些拥有更多社会关系的人更不容易患普通感冒，产生的粘液更少，鼻腔纤毛清理更有效，并且传播的病毒也更少。这些关系不受攻击前病毒特异性抗体、病毒类型、年龄、性别、季节、体重指数、教育和种族的统计控制的影响。随着社交网络多样性的增加，感冒的易感性以剂量反应的方式降低。比较拥有最少（1 到 3 种）社会关系类型的人与拥有最多（6 种或更多）类型社会关系的人，调整后的相对风险为 4.2。尽管吸烟、睡眠质量差、戒酒、膳食维生素C摄入量低、儿茶酚胺水平升高和性格内向都与感冒的易感性增加有关，但它们只能部分解释社交网络多样性与感冒发病率之间的关系。结论。社交网络越多样化，对上呼吸道疾病的抵抗力就越强。
Objective. To examine the hypothesis that diverse ties to friends, family, work, and community are associated with increased host resistance to infection. Design. After reporting the extent of participation in 12 types of social ties (eg, spouse, parent, friend, workmate, member of social group), subjects were given nasal drops containing 1 of 2 rhinoviruses and monitored for the development of a common cold. Setting. Quarantine. Participants. A total of 276 healthy volunteers, aged 18 to 55 years, neither seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus nor pregnant. Outcome Measures. Colds (illness in the presence of a verified infection), mucus production, mucociliary clearance function, and amount of viral replication. Results. In response to both viruses, those with more types of social ties were less susceptible to common colds, produced less mucus, were more effective in ciliary clearance of their nasal passages, and shed less virus. These relationships were unaltered by statistical controls for prechallenge virus-specific antibody, virus type, age, sex, season, body mass index, education, and race. Susceptibility to colds decreased in a dose-response manner with increased diversity of the social network. There was an adjusted relative risk of 4.2 comparing persons with fewest (1 to 3) to those with most (6 or more) types of social ties. Although smoking, poor sleep quality, alcohol abstinence, low dietary intake of vitamin C, elevated catecholamine levels, and being introverted were all associated with greater susceptibility to colds, they could only partially account for the relation between social network diversity and incidence of colds. Conclusions. More diverse social networks were associated with greater resistance to upper respiratory illness.