A review on the characteristics , formation mechanisms and treatment processes of Cr ( VI )-containing pyrometallurgical wastes by-猫眼课题宝

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2006

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作者：

G. Ma;A. Garbers-Craig

含Cr（VI）的废物与冶金、耐火材料、化学、电镀、制革、颜料、焊接和玻璃工业有关1。由于Cr（VI）是一种致癌物质（特别是对肺部，在某些情况下对鼻窦腔2），在这些废物中存在Cr（VI）引起了极大的关注，高度溶于水，在土壤中具有高流动性。因此，含Cr（VI）的废物不能简单地储存或填埋，而必须首先进行处理。在火法冶金工业中，铬铁和不锈钢厂产生粉尘和污泥形式的含Cr（VI）废物。铬铁厂产生的粉尘通常由粗粉尘和细粉尘组成，粗粉尘由旋风分离器收集，细粉尘由袋式除尘器收集。不锈钢生产过程中形成的粉尘由袋式除尘器系统收集，而污泥或滤饼则在不锈钢厂的酸洗处理设施中产生。这些粉尘和废酸洗酸已分别被美国环境保护署（EPA）列为危险废物K 061、K 091和K 062。在南非，这些废物的处理政策以水务和林业部1998年公布的危险废物处理、分类和处置最低要求为指导。在所有可沥滤的重金属中，Cr（VI）具有最严格的限值，可接受的环境风险浓度为0.02 ppm 3。表I 4-6中列出了不同国家对不同水源中Cr（VI）物种的限制。结果表明，对于不同种类的水，Cr（VI）的限值范围为0.005至0.1 mg/l，而总铬限值范围为0.0031至2 mg/l。在含Cr（VI）废物的管理中使用了各种技术。这些措施包括通过减少废物来源（即废物预防）、回收（现场和场外）、回收和稳定/固化过程，将废物转化为无毒材料，可进行处置或再利用，从而最大限度地减少废物。为了了解这些废物的性质，尽量减少废物的形成，并开发一种处理方法，许多作者研究了这些废物的特性和形成机制7 -21。本文综述了含铬电炉烟尘和滤饼的特性、形成机理以及目前的处理方法。突出了废物的稳定/固化过程。含Cr（VI）火法冶金废弃物的特性、形成机理及处理工艺

Cr(VI)-containing wastes are associated with the metallurgical, refractory, chemical, electroplating, leather tanning, pigment, welding and glass industries1. The presence of Cr(VI) in these wastes causes great concern due to the fact that Cr(VI) is a carcinogen (specifically to the lungs and in some cases to the sinonasal cavity2), is highly soluble in water, and has a high mobility in soil. Cr(VI)-containing wastes can, consequently, not simply be stockpiled or land filled, but must first be treated. In the pyrometallurgical industry Cr(VI)-containing wastes in the form of dust and sludge are produced in ferrochrome and stainless steel plants. The dust generated by ferrochrome plants typically consists of coarse dust, which is collected by the cyclone separators, and fine dust that is captured by the bag house filters. Dust that forms during the production of stainless steel is collected by a bag house filter system, while a sludge or filter cake is produced in the pickling acid treatment facility of the stainless steel plant. These dusts, as well as the waste pickling acid, have respectively been classified as hazardous wastes K061, K091 and K062 by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In South Africa, the treatment policy of these wastes is guided by the minimum requirements for the handling, classification and disposal of hazardous waste that was published by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) in 19983. Of all the leachable heavy metals, Cr (VI) has the strictest limits with an acceptable environmental risk concentration of 0.02 ppm3. The limits that were set by different countries on Cr (VI) species for different water sources are shown in Table I 4–6. It shows that the limits for Cr (VI) range between 0.005 and 0.1 mg/l for different kinds of water, while the total chromium limits vary from 0.0031 to 2 mg/l. Various techniques are used in the management of Cr(VI)-containing wastes. These include the minimization of waste through source reduction (i.e. waste prevention), recycling (onsite and offsite), recovery and stabilization/solidification processes whereby the wastes are transformed into non-toxic materials, which can either be disposed or reused. In order to understand the properties of these wastes, minimize waste formation and develop a process to treat it, numerous authors have investigated the characteristics and formation mechanisms of these wastes7–21. This paper subsequently reviews the characteristics and formation mechanisms of Cr(VI)containing electric furnace dust and filter cake, as well as their present treatment processes. The stabilization/solidification processes of the wastes are highlighted. A review on the characteristics, formation mechanisms and treatment processes of Cr (VI)-containing pyrometallurgical wastes

A review on the characteristics , formation mechanisms and treatment processes of Cr ( VI )-containing pyrometallurgical wastes by

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