Real-time 3D computed tomographic reconstruction using commodity graphics hardware
Real-time 3D computed tomographic reconstruction using commodity graphics hardware
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DOI：
10.1088/0031-9155/52/12/006
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发表时间：
2007-06-21
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Mueller, Klaus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xu, Fang;Mueller, Klaus
最近出现的各种类型的平板X射线探测器和C形臂机架现在能够构建用于各种临床应用的新型成像平台。这些应用中的许多需要交互式3D图像生成，这不能满足于使用CPU的廉价的基于PC的解决方案。我们提出了一个解决方案的基础上，商品图形硬件（GPU），以提供这些功能。虽然GPU之前已经被用于CT重建，但是我们的方法通过利用各种内置的硬连线图形流水线组件来实现最昂贵的CT重建任务（反投影），从而提供了显著的加速。我们表明，这样实现的时间是上级的那些使用GPU时获得的仅仅是作为一个多处理器，没有下降的重建质量。此外，我们还展示了如何跨图形流水线的数据流可以被优化，通过平衡的负载之间的管道组件。其结果是一种新的流式CT框架，其将重建过程概念化为跨计算管道的稳定数据流，在获得投影后立即更新重建结果。使用配备有单个高端商品图形板（Nvidia 8800 GTX）的单个PC，我们的系统能够以满足并超过典型平板探测器数据生产率的速度处理临床尺寸的投影数据，使得能够实现用于5123个体积的重建的40-50个投影s（-1）的吞吐率。
The recent emergence of various types of flat-panel x-ray detectors and C-arm gantries now enables the construction of novel imaging platforms for a wide variety of clinical applications. Many of these applications require interactive 3D image generation, which cannot be satisfied with inexpensive PC-based solutions using the CPU. We present a solution based on commodity graphics hardware ( GPUs) to provide these capabilities. While GPUs have been employed for CT reconstruction before, our approach provides significant speedups by exploiting the various built- in hardwired graphics pipeline components for the most expensive CT reconstruction task, backprojection. We show that the timings so achieved are superior to those obtained when using the GPU merely as a multi- processor, without a drop in reconstruction quality. In addition, we also show how the data flow across the graphics pipeline can be optimized, by balancing the load among the pipeline components. The result is a novel streaming CT framework that conceptualizes the reconstruction process as a steady flow of data across a computing pipeline, updating the reconstruction result immediately after the projections have been acquired. Using a single PC equipped with a single high-end commodity graphics board (the Nvidia 8800 GTX), our system is able to process clinically- sized projection data at speeds meeting and exceeding the typical flat- panel detector data production rates, enabling throughput rates of 40-50 projections s(-1) for the reconstruction of 5123 volumes.