Measuring analyticity and syntheticity in creoles
Measuring analyticity and syntheticity in creoles
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测量克里奥尔语的分析性和综合性
DOI：
10.1075/jpcl.29.1.02sie
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Kortmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Siegel;Benedikt Szmrecsanyi;B. Kortmann
克里奥尔语（这里包括扩展的皮钦语）通常被认为在语法标记方面比他们的词缀和其他语言更具有分析性。在这篇文章中报告的研究的目的是通过测量的频率分析（和合成）标记语料库中的两个不同的英语-灵活的克里奥尔语-托克Pisin和夏威夷克里奥尔语-和比较的定量结果与其他语言品种的有效性，这一观点。为了测量标记频率，每个克里奥尔语语料库中随机选择的1,000个单词被标记为词类，并分类为分析，合成，分析和合成，或纯词汇。在此基础上，计算出分析性指数和综合性指数。首先将这些指数与其他语言的指数进行比较，然后与英语的L1变体（例如标准英国和美国英语以及英国方言）和L2变体（例如新加坡英语和香港英语）进行比较。类型频率由语料库中使用的分析标记和合成标记的数量决定，并进行了类似的比较，结果表明，在语法标记的标记和类型频率方面，克理奥尔语并不比其他品种更具有分析性。然而，它们的合成性明显较低，导致分析性标记与合成性标记的比率要高得多。对这一发现的解释与克里奥尔人发展时个人使用的语法扩展的特殊策略有关。
Creoles (here including expanded pidgins) are commonly viewed as being more analytic than their lexifiers and other languages in terms of grammatical marking. The purpose of the study reported in this article was to examine the validity of this view by measuring the frequency of analytic (and synthetic) markers in corpora of two different English-lexified creoles — Tok Pisin and Hawai‘i Creole — and comparing the quantitative results with those for other language varieties. To measure token frequency, 1,000 randomly selected words in each creole corpus were tagged with regard to word class, and categorized as being analytic, synthetic, both analytic and synthetic, or purely lexical. On this basis, an Analyticity Index and a Syntheticity Index were calculated. These were first compared to indices for other languages and then to L1 varieties of English (e.g. standard British and American English and British dialects) and L2 varieties (e.g. Singapore English and Hong Kong English). Type frequency was determined by the size of the inventories of analytic and synthetic markers used in the corpora, and similar comparisons were made.The results show that in terms of both token and type frequency of grammatical markers, the creoles are not more analytic than the other varieties. However, they are significantly less synthetic, resulting in much higher ratios of analytic to synthetic marking. An explanation for this finding relates to the particular strategy for grammatical expansion used by individuals when the creoles were developing.