THE STRUCTURE OF THE EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLE FIBERS OF MAMMALS
THE STRUCTURE OF THE EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLE FIBERS OF MAMMALS
复制标题
哺乳动物眼外肌纤维的结构
DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-12-071050-8.50007-0
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发表时间：
1971
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
L. Peachey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Peachey
除了眼球牵开器（如果存在）外，眼外肌群的所有肌肉都含有不同类型的肌纤维。这些不同的类型可以通过组织学外观，电子显微镜下看到的精细结构，神经支配模式和组织化学以及各种生理特性如电活动或收缩速度来识别。最终，我们想了解这些纤维类型中的每一种是如何影响眼球运动的。通过对每种肌纤维类型的结构和功能特性的精确和相关的了解，显然有助于实现这一目标。将这些信息与眼球运动本身的知识、轨道的力学和中枢神经系统的活动相结合，将给出眼球运动的完整画面。然而，就目前而言，我们面临的是一系列不完整和有点混乱的形态和生理参数，无法确定。任何特定类型的肌肉纤维的特性。Bach-y-Rita博士已经回顾了这些肌肉的生理学。我被要求回顾我们对眼外肌结构的认识，并尽可能地将其整合到一个整体方案中。我演讲的主要力量将指向这些肌肉中存在的不同结构类型的纤维。显然，这只是“慢”与“慢”的一般问题的一部分。所有肌肉中的“快速”肌肉纤维，这是一个非常需要仔细考虑的问题。然而，多年来，我一直没有机会就这一主题撰写一篇全面的评论，我很高兴有机会将自己的注意力集中在由眼外肌群的迷人肌肉所定义的更受限制的领域。我将把我的评论局限于哺乳动物和眼眶内六块肌肉的梭外肌纤维，不包括眼球牵开器。我将首先讨论肌肉中纤维的组织学排列。其次，我将考虑各种纤维类型的组织化学和超微结构方面，这将导致包括五种不同类型的纤维的分类系统。第三，也是最后，我将讨论一些结构与功能相关的问题，并简要讨论这些肌肉中的运动神经末梢。
All the muscles of the extraocular group with the exception of the retractor bulbi (when present) contain a mixture of muscle fibers of different types. These different types can be recognized by histological appearance, fine structure as seen in the electron microscope, innervation pattern, and histochemistry, as well as by various physiological properties such as electrical activity or speed of contraction. Ultimately we would like to understand how each of these fiber types contributes to eye movements. Attainment of this goal would clearly be facilitated by precise and correlated knowl edge of the structural and functional properties of each muscle fiber type. Integration of this information with knowledge of the eye movements themselves, the mechanics of the orbit, and the activities of the central nervous system would give a complete picture of eye movements. However, for the present, we are faced with an incomplete and somewhat confused array of morphological and physiological parameters, unable to know with certainty. the properties of any particular type of muscle fiber. Dr. Bach-y-Rita already has reviewed the physiology of these muscles. I have been asked to review our knowledge of the structure of the extraocular muscles and to bring this together insofar as possible into an overall scheme. The main force of my presentation will be directed toward the presence in these muscles of fibers of different structural types. Obviously this is only one part of the general question of'slow'vs.'fast'muscle fibers in all muscles, a subject badly in need of careful consideration. However, the ambition to write a comprehensive review on this subject has eluded me for several years now, and I welcome this chance to address myself to the more restricted area defined by the fascinating muscles of the extraocular group. I will confine my review to mammals and to the extrafusal fibers of the six muscles within the orbit, excluding the retractor bulbi. I will start by discussing the histological arrangement of fibers in the muscles. Second, I will consider histochemical and ultrastructural aspects of the various fiber types, which will lead to a classification system including five different types of fibers. Third, and finally, I will discuss some problems of relating structure to function, and briefly discuss the motor nerve endings in these muscles.