Genes, time to first cigarette and nicotine dependence in a general population sample of young adults
Genes, time to first cigarette and nicotine dependence in a general population sample of young adults
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01746.x
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发表时间：
2007-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Hewitt, John K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haberstick, Brett C.;Timberlake, David;Hewitt, John K.
目的研究尼古丁依赖评分的变化和不同依赖症状之间的协变。设计一项为期12年、具有全国代表性、基于概率的美国青少年健康相关行为及其结果的调查。在美国青少年健康国家纵向研究的同胞对样本中评估了尼古丁依赖的遗传贡献。采用Fagerstrom尼古丁依赖试验（FTND）和重度吸烟指数（HSI）对1154名18 ~ 25岁的双胞胎、同父异母兄弟姐妹和同母异父兄弟姐妹中的年轻人进行尼古丁依赖（ND）评估。结果在这个样本中的依赖是常见的，不同的程度。总HSI评分证明了中度至重度遗传贡献（61%，95%置信区间（CI）：0.46-0.72），吸烟量（52%，95% CI：0.39-0.63）和吸烟紧迫感（55%，95% CI：0.38-0.68）也是如此。多变量建模确定了一个高度遗传的潜在因素（76%，95%CI：0.56-0.91），影响依赖症状的协变，最严重的是吸烟者在醒来后多久使用他或她的第一支香烟。每天吸烟的数量也证明了残留的遗传影响，这在其他依赖相关行为中并不常见。结论在本样本中，基因和个体特异性环境都是ND的重要致病因素。吸烟的紧迫性，如第一支烟的时间所测量的，可能是尼古丁依赖遗传研究的FTND上最具信息性的指标。
Aim To examine variation in nicotine dependence scores and covariation between different dependence symptoms. Design A 12-year, nationally representative, probability-based survey of adolescent health-related behaviors and their outcomes during young adulthood in the United States. The genetic contribution to nicotine dependence was evaluated in the sibling-pairs sample of the US National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Measurements Nicotine dependence (ND) was assessed using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) in 1154 young adults, between the ages of 18 and 25 years, who were from twin, full sibling and half-sibling pairs. Findings Dependence in this sample was common and varied in degree. Total HSI scores evidenced moderate to large heritable contributions (61%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46-0.72), as did the quantity of cigarettes smoked (52%, 95% CI: 0.39-0.63) and urgency to smoke (55%, 95% CI: 0.38-0.68). Multivariate modeling identified a highly heritable underlying factor (76%, 95% CI: 0.56-0.91) that influenced the covariation of dependence symptoms and loaded most heavily on how soon after waking a smoker uses his or her first cigarette. The quantity of cigarettes smoked per day also evidenced residual genetic influences that were not common to other dependence-related behaviors. Conclusions In this sample of young adults from the general population, both genes and individual-specific environments are important etiological factors in ND. The urgency to smoke, as measured by the time to first cigarette, may be the most informative measure on the FTND for genetic studies of nicotine dependence.