Startle potentiation: Shock sensitization, aversive learning, and affective picture modulation
Startle potentiation: Shock sensitization, aversive learning, and affective picture modulation
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DOI：
10.1037/0735-7044.112.5.1069
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发表时间：
1998-10-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Lang, PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Greenwald, MK;Bradley, MM;Lang, PJ
本研究探讨厌恶刺激对听觉惊吓反射不同调制效应的大小及其相互关系。这种反射被电击暴露和关联性电击条件反射（动物和人类志愿者）以及不愉快的图片（人类志愿者）增强。在这项研究中，显着的敏感性的探测惊吓反应后，观察到休克暴露，但没有控制任务后。致敏的幅度显着大于联想休克条件反射和图片调制效应（也显着）。敏感化和条件反射评分显示出适度的、显著的相互相关性，但与图片调制评分无关，这与动物数据一致，表明部分重叠的大脑机制（即，杏仁核-网状投射）介导这些作用。目前的研究结果还表明，人类志愿者的惊吓敏化是一个相对更强大的防御反应厌恶刺激。
This study investigated the size of, and relationship between, different modulatory effects of aversive stimulation on the acoustic startle reflex. This reflex is potentiated by shock exposure and associative shock conditioning (in animals and human volunteers) and unpleasant pictures (tin human volunteers). In this study, dramatic sensitization of the probe-startle response was observed after shock exposure but not after a control task. Magnitude of sensitization was significantly larger than associative shock conditioning and picture modulation effects (also significant). Sensitization and conditioning scores showed modest, significant correlations with one another but not with picture modulation scores, consistent with animal data showing that partially overlapping brain mechanisms (i.e., amygdaloid-reticular projections) mediate these effects. The present results also indicate that sensitization of startle in human volunteers is a relatively more robust defensive response to aversive stimulation.