THERMOREGULATION CONSTRAINS EFFECTIVE WARNING SIGNAL EXPRESSION
THERMOREGULATION CONSTRAINS EFFECTIVE WARNING SIGNAL EXPRESSION
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00561.x
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发表时间：
2009-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Mappes, Johanna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lindstedt, Carita;Lindstrom, Leena;Mappes, Johanna
如果动物的颜色既有信号功能又有信号功能，那么显著信号的进化可能会受到限制。在无性繁殖的植物寄生虫幼虫中，警告信号(黑色身体上的橙色斑块)的大小因表型和遗传而异。虽然大的警告信号被认为是一种反捕食者防御措施，但我们假设温度调节可能会限制较冷栖息地的信号大小。为了验证这一假设，我们用两个幼虫显色选择系(小信号和大信号)和两种温度操作(高、低温环境)进行了析因饲养实验。温度限制了警告信号的大小和亮度。小信号的幼虫在较冷的环境中具有优势，表现为低温处理的发育时间和生长速度快于大信号的幼虫。有趣的是，在植物上发现的小信号幼虫比那些大信号的幼虫更多，这表明在低温下黑色(小信号)个体的晒太阳活动更高。我们的结论是，失语症显示的表达不仅取决于它对捕食者的有效性；温度的变化可能会限制明显警告信号的演变并保持其变化。
Evolution of conspicuous signals may be constrained if animal coloration has nonsignaling as well as signaling functions. In aposematic wood tiger moth (Parasemia plantaginis) larvae, the size of a warning signal (orange patch on black body) varies phenotypically and genetically. Although a large warning signal is favored as an antipredator defense, we hypothesized that thermoregulation may constrain the signal size in colder habitats. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a factorial rearing experiment with two selection lines for larval coloration (small and large signal) and with two temperature manipulations (high and low temperature environment). Temperature constrained the size and brightness of the warning signal. Larvae with a small signal had an advantage in the colder environment, which was demonstrated by a faster development time and growth rate in the low temperature treatment, compared to larvae with a large signal. Interestingly, the larvae with a small signal were found more often on the plant than the ones with a large signal, suggesting higher basking activity of the melanic (small signal) individuals in the low temperature. We conclude that the expression of aposematic display is not only defined by its efficacy against predators; variation in temperature may constrain evolution of a conspicuous warning signal and maintain variation in it.