60,000 disaster victims speak: Part I. An empirical review of the empirical literature, 1981-2001
60,000 disaster victims speak: Part I. An empirical review of the empirical literature, 1981-2001
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DOI：
10.1521/psyc.65.3.207.20173
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发表时间：
2002-09-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Kaniasty, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Norris, FH;Friedman, MJ;Kaniasty, K
160 个灾难受害者样本的结果按照样本类型、灾难类型、灾难地点、观察到的结果和风险因素以及总体损害严重程度进行编码。按照出现频率的顺序，结果包括特定的心理问题、非特定的痛苦、健康问题、慢性生活问题、资源损失和青少年特有的问题。回归分析表明，如果样本由年轻人而不是成年人组成，来自发展中国家而不是发达国家，或者经历过大规模暴力（例如恐怖主义、枪击事件）而不是自然或技术灾难，则样本更有可能受到损害。大多数救援和恢复人员样本都表现出非凡的韧性。在成人样本中，更严重的暴露、女性、中年、少数民族身份、次要压力源、既往精神问题以及社会心理资源薄弱或恶化最持续增加不良结果的可能性。在青少年中，家庭因素是首要因素。该研究对临床实践和社区干预的影响在另一篇文章（诺里斯、弗里德曼和沃森，本卷）中讨论。
Results for 160 samples of disaster victims were coded as to sample type, disaster type, disaster location, outcomes and risk factors observed, and overall severity of impairment. In order of frequency, outcomes included specific psychological problems, nonspecific distress, health problems, chronic problems in living, resource loss, and problems specific to youth. Regression analyses showed that samples were more likely to be impaired if they were composed of youth rather than adults, were from developing rather than developed countries, or experienced mass violence (e.g., terrorism, shooting sprees) rather than natural or technological disasters. Most samples of rescue and recovery workers showed remarkable resilience. Within adult samples, more severe exposure, female gender, middle age, ethnic minority status, secondary stressors, prior psychiatric problems, and weak or deteriorating psychosocial resources most consistently increased the likelihood of adverse outcomes. Among youth, family factors were primary. Implications of the research for clinical practice and community intervention are discussed in a companion article (Norris, Friedman, and Watson, this volume).