Improving weather forecasting and providing new data on greenhouse gases
Improving weather forecasting and providing new data on greenhouse gases
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DOI：
10.1175/bams-87-7-911
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发表时间：
2006-07-01
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Zhou, Lihang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chahine, Moustafa T.;Pagano, Thomas S.;Zhou, Lihang
大气红外探测器 (AIRS) 及其两个配套微波探测器 AMSU 和 HSB 于 2002 年 5 月在 NASA Aqua 卫星上发射到极地轨道。NASA 要求探测系统为气候研究提供高质量的研究数据，并满足 NOAA 改进业务天气预报的要求。 NOAA 的要求转化为全球温度和湿度剖面检索，其精度接近无线电探空仪的精度。 AIRS 还提供多种温室气体的新测量数据，例如 CO2、CO、CH4、O-3、SO2 和气溶胶。将 AIRS 数据同化到业务天气预报中已经证明了全球预报技能的显着提高。在 NOAA/NCEP，6 天预报技能的提高相当于预报能力延长 6 小时。与过去十年的其他预测改进相比，这一改进非常显着。除了 NCEP 之外，ECMWF 和英国气象局也报告了 AIRS 带来的积极预报影响。AIRS 是一款高光谱探测仪，拥有 2,378 个 3.7 至 15.4 μm 之间的红外通道。 NOAA/NESDIS 通常会在 3 小时内将 AIRS 数据分发到世界各地的 NWP 中心。 AIRS 的设计代表了红外空间仪器的突破，其测量稳定性和精度远远超过任何当前研究或运行的探测器。我们在本文中描述的结果是“正在进行的工作”，尽管已经取得了重大成就，但为了充分发挥这套仪器的潜力，仍有许多工作要做。
The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and its two companion microwave sounders, AMSU and HSB were launched into polar orbit onboard the NASA Aqua Satellite in May 2002. NASA required the sounding system to provide high-quality research data for climate studies and to meet NOAA's requirements for improving operational weather forecasting. The NOAA requirement translated into global retrieval of temperature and humidity profiles with accuracies approaching those of radiosondes. AIRS also provides new measurements of several greenhouse gases, such as CO2, CO, CH4, O-3, SO2, and aerosols.The assimilation of AIRS data into operational weather forecasting has already demonstrated significant improvements in global forecast skill. At NOAA/NCEP, the improvement in the forecast skill achieved at 6 days is equivalent to gaining an extension of forecast capability of six hours. This improvement is quite significant when compared to other forecast improvements over the last decade. In addition to NCEP, ECMWF and the Met Office have also reported positive forecast impacts due AIRS.AIRS is a hyperspectral sounder with 2,378 infrared channels between 3.7 and 15.4 mu m. NOAA/NESDIS routinely distributes AIRS data within 3 hours to NWP centers around the world. The AIRS design represents a breakthrough in infrared space instrumentation with measurement stability and accuracies far surpassing any current research or operational sounder. The results we describe in this paper are "work in progress," and although significant accomplishments have already been made much more work remains in order to realize the full potential of this suite of instruments.