Neurodevelopment, impulsivity, and adolescent gambling.
Neurodevelopment, impulsivity, and adolescent gambling.
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1021275130071
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Potenza, Marc N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chambers, R Andrew;Potenza, Marc N
问题和病态赌博在青少年和青年期的流行率已被发现比成年期高两到四倍。鉴于这些高比率可能预示着所有年龄组的未来增长，探索青少年问题和病态赌博率上升的原因是很重要的。本文回顾了青少年易受问题和病态赌博行为影响的神经生物学基础的证据。我们提出，冲动的共同特征母题可能是病理性赌博现象学的基础，常见的共病精神障碍，以及青少年行为的相关方面。在理解涉及动机、奖励和决策的大脑机制方面的最新进展，允许对冲动背后的神经回路进行讨论。新出现的数据表明，青春期重要的神经发育事件发生在与动机和冲动行为相关的大脑区域。我们假设，在正常的神经发育过程中，额叶皮层和皮层下单胺能系统的不成熟是青少年冲动作为一种过渡性特征-行为的基础。虽然这些神经发育过程可能通过促进最佳适应成人角色的学习驱动而赋予优势，但它们也可能赋予成瘾行为（如问题和病态赌博）的增加脆弱性。探索参与冲动控制的神经回路的发育变化对理解青少年行为和治疗青少年问题和病态赌博具有重要意义。
The prevalence of problem and pathological gambling in adolescence and young adulthood has been found to be two- to fourfold higher than in adulthood. Given that these high rates might predict future increases across all age groups, it is important to explore the causes of the elevated rates of problem and pathological gambling among youths. This article reviews evidence for a neurobiological basis for adolescent vulnerability to problem and pathological gambling behaviors. We propose that a common trait motif of impulsivity might underlie phenomenology of pathological gambling, commonly comorbid psychiatric disorders, and related aspects of adolescent behavior. Recent advances in understanding the brain mechanisms involved in motivation, reward, and decision-making allow a discussion of neural circuitry underlying impulsivity. Emerging data indicate that important neurodevelopmental events during adolescence occur in brain regions associated with motivation and impulsive behavior. We hypothesize that immaturity of frontal cortical and subcortical monoaminergic systems during normal neurodevelopment underlies adolescent impulsivity as a transitional trait-behavior. While these neurodevelopmental processes may confer advantage by promoting a learning drive for optimal adaptation to adult roles, they may also confer an increased vulnerability to addictive behaviors such as problem and pathological gambling. An exploration of the developmental changes in neural circuitry involved in impulse control has significant implications for understanding adolescent behaviors and treating problem and pathological gambling among youths.