The Norway spruce genome sequence and conifer genome evolution
The Norway spruce genome sequence and conifer genome evolution
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DOI：
10.1038/nature12211
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发表时间：
2013-05-30
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Jansson, Stefan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nystedt, Bjorn;Street, Nathaniel R.;Jansson, Stefan
针叶树在森林中占主导地位超过2亿年，具有巨大的生态和经济重要性。在这里，我们提出了20千兆字节的挪威云杉（云杉），第一个可用于任何裸子植物基因组的草案大会。得到良好支持的基因数量（28，354个）与小100倍以上的拟南芥基因组相似，并且没有证据表明裸子植物谱系最近发生了全基因组重复。相反，大的基因组大小似乎是由于一组不同的长末端重复转座因子的缓慢和稳定的积累，可能是由于缺乏有效的消除机制。对樟子松、西伯利亚冷杉、圆柏、红豆杉和买麻藤的比较测序结果表明，现存针叶树中存在着转座因子的多样性。先前与转座因子沉默有关的24个核苷酸的小RNA的表达是组织特异性的，并且比其他植物低得多。我们进一步鉴定了许多长（> 10，000个碱基对）内含子、基因样片段、未表征的长非编码RNA和短RNA。这为针叶林和育种开辟了新的基因组途径。
Conifers have dominated forests for more than 200 million years and are of huge ecological and economic importance. Here we present the draft assembly of the 20-gigabase genome of Norway spruce (Picea abies), the first available for any gymnosperm. The number of well-supported genes (28,354) is similar to the >100 times smaller genome of Arabidopsis thaliana, and there is no evidence of a recent whole-genome duplication in the gymnosperm lineage. Instead, the large genome size seems to result from the slow and steady accumulation of a diverse set of long-terminal repeat transposable elements, possibly owing to the lack of an efficient elimination mechanism. Comparative sequencing of Pinus sylvestris, Abies sibirica, Juniperus communis, Taxus baccata and Gnetum gnemon reveals that the transposable element diversity is shared among extant conifers. Expression of 24-nucleotide small RNAs, previously implicated in transposable element silencing, is tissue-specific and much lower than in other plants. We further identify numerous long (>10,000 base pairs) introns, gene-like fragments, uncharacterized long non-coding RNAs and short RNAs. This opens up new genomic avenues for conifer forestry and breeding.