Structure and physiological actions of ghrelin.
Structure and physiological actions of ghrelin.
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DOI：
10.1155/2013/518909
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Delporte C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Delporte C
Ghrelin是一种胃肽类激素，被发现是生长激素促分泌素受体的内源性配体。Ghrelin是由28个氨基酸组成的多肽，在Ghrelin O-酰基转移酶的催化下，其3位丝氨酸发生了独特的正辛酰化修饰。Ghrelin主要由胃细胞的一个子集产生，也由下丘脑，垂体和其他组织产生。转录、翻译和翻译后过程产生ghrelin和ghrelin相关肽。生长激素促分泌素受体的同源二聚体和异源二聚体，以及尚未鉴定的受体，被认为分别介导酰基生长素释放肽和去酰基生长素释放肽的生物学效应。Ghrelin在全身发挥广泛的生理作用，包括生长激素分泌、食欲和食物摄入、胃分泌和胃肠运动、葡萄糖稳态、心血管功能、抗炎功能、生殖功能和骨形成。本文就生长激素释放肽和生长激素促分泌素受体生物学的研究进展以及生长激素释放肽的主要生理作用作一综述。
Ghrelin is a gastric peptide hormone, discovered as being the endogenous ligand of growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Ghrelin is a 28 amino acid peptide presenting a unique n-octanoylation modification on its serine in position 3, catalyzed by ghrelin O-acyl transferase. Ghrelin is mainly produced by a subset of stomach cells and also by the hypothalamus, the pituitary, and other tissues. Transcriptional, translational, and posttranslational processes generate ghrelin and ghrelin-related peptides. Homo- and heterodimers of growth hormone secretagogue receptor, and as yet unidentified receptors, are assumed to mediate the biological effects of acyl ghrelin and desacyl ghrelin, respectively. Ghrelin exerts wide physiological actions throughout the body, including growth hormone secretion, appetite and food intake, gastric secretion and gastrointestinal motility, glucose homeostasis, cardiovascular functions, anti-inflammatory functions, reproductive functions, and bone formation. This review focuses on presenting the current understanding of ghrelin and growth hormone secretagogue receptor biology, as well as the main physiological effects of ghrelin.