Radular Stylus of Cryptochiton Stelleri: A Multifunctional Lightweight and Flexible Fiber-Reinforced Composite
Radular Stylus of Cryptochiton Stelleri: A Multifunctional Lightweight and Flexible Fiber-Reinforced Composite
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Cryptochiton Stelleri 的径向触针：一种多功能轻质柔性纤维增强复合材料
DOI：
10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103991
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
David Kisailus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anna Pohl;Steven A. Herrera;David Restrepo;Ryo Negishi;Jae-Young Jung;Chris Salinas;Richard Wuhrer; Tomoko Yoshino;Joanna McKittrick;Atsushi Arakaki;Michiko Nemoto;Pablo Zavattieri;David Kisailus
石鳖是草食性无脊椎动物，它们使用一排排与柔性带（齿舌）相连的超硬磁铁矿牙齿来锉掉世界各地海岸线岩石露头上和岩石露头内生长的藻类沉积物。每颗牙齿都通过有机结构（触针）附着在齿根上，在喂食过程中提供机械支撑。然而，手写笔的底层结构以及它们在石鳖中的后续功能还有待研究。在这里，我们研究了来自北太平洋住宅 Cryptochiton stelleri 的手写笔的宏观结构、区域材料和元素分布以及随后的纳米机械特性。结合μ-CT成像、光学和电子显微镜以及元素分析，我们发现触针是一个高度轮廓的管子，主要由α-几丁质纤维组成，具有复杂的密度分布。纳米压痕揭示了与元素组成和材料分布相关的区域特异性和分级机械性能。有限元建模表明，独特的宏观结构、材料分布和元素梯度已经过优化，以保持这种灵活而坚固的功能梯度纤维增强复合材料管的结构稳定性，在锉磨过程中提供有效的功能。了解这些复杂的纤维结构为轻质、多功能和集成材料提供了有前景的蓝图。
Chitons are herbivorous invertebrates that use rows of ultrahard magnetite-based teeth connected to a flexible belt (radula) to rasp away algal deposits growing on and within rocky outcrops along coastlines around the world. Each tooth is attached to the radula by an organic structure (stylus) that provides mechanical support during feeding. However, the underlying structures within the stylus, and their subsequent function within the chiton have yet to be investigated. Here, we investigate the macrostructural architecture, the regional material and elemental distribution and subsequent nano-mechanical properties of the stylus from the Northern Pacific dwellingCryptochiton stelleri. Using a combination of μ-CT imaging, optical and electron microscopy, as well as elemental analysis, we reveal that the stylus is a highly contoured tube, mainly composed of alpha-chitin fibers, with a complex density distribution. Nanoindentation reveals regiospecific and graded mechanical properties that can be correlated with both the elemental composition and material distribution. Finite element modeling shows that the unique macroscale architecture, material distribution and elemental gradients have been optimized to preserve the structural stability of this flexible, yet robust functionally-graded fiber-reinforced composite tube, providing effective function during rasping. Understanding these complex fiber-based structures offers promising blueprints for lightweight, multifunctional and integrated materials.