Nucleolar stress: From development to cancer.

Nucleolar stress: From development to cancer.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.04.001
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发表时间:
2023-02-28
影响因子:
7.3
通讯作者:
Conacci-Sorrell, Maralice
Conacci-Sorrell, Maralice
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lafita-Navarro, M. Carmen;Conacci-Sorrell, Maralice

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核仁是负责核糖体生物发生的大型无膜细胞器。核糖体是由RNA和蛋白质组成的细胞质大分子复合体,它们将氨基酸连接在一起形成新的蛋白质。核糖体的生物发生是一个复杂的多步骤过程,涉及核糖体DNA(RDNA)的转录、核糖体RNA(RRNA)的加工以及rRNA与核糖体蛋白的组装形成活性核糖体。核糖体生产和成熟所需的几乎所有步骤都发生在核仁中。核仁的形状、大小和数量与核糖体的生物发生直接相关。核糖体生物发生步骤中的错误被核仁感觉到,导致核仁功能和形态的整体变化。这种现象被称为核仁应激,可以导致分子变化,如P53的稳定,这反过来又激活细胞周期停滞或凋亡。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了核仁应激与退行性疾病和发育缺陷的关系的最新工作。此外,我们强调了从头开始的核苷酸生物合成对于增强癌细胞核仁活性的重要性,并讨论了靶向核苷酸生物合成作为激活核仁应激以特异性靶向癌细胞的策略。
The nucleolus is a large nuclear membraneless organelle responsible for ribosome biogenesis. Ribosomes are cytoplasmic macromolecular complexes comprising RNA and proteins that link amino acids together to form new proteins. The biogenesis of ribosomes is an intricate multistep process that involves the transcription of ribosomal DNA (rDNA), the processing of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and the assembly of rRNA with ribosomal proteins to form active ribosomes. Nearly all steps necessary for ribosome production and maturation occur in the nucleolus. Nucleolar shape, size, and number are directly linked to ribosome biogenesis. Errors in the steps of ribosomal biogenesis are sensed by the nucleolus causing global alterations in nucleolar function and morphology. This phenomenon, known as nucleolar stress, can lead to molecular changes such as stabilization of p53, which in turn activates cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. In this review, we discuss recent work on the association of nucleolar stress with degenerative diseases and developmental defects. In addition, we highlight the importance of de novo nucleotide biosynthesis for the enhanced nucleolar activity of cancer cells and discuss targeting nucleotide biosynthesis as a strategy to activate nucleolar stress to specifically target cancer cells.
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