Neighborhood socioeconomic status and health: Context or composition?
Neighborhood socioeconomic status and health: Context or composition?
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1540-6040.2008.00251.x
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Mirowsky, John
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ross, Catherine E.;Mirowsky, John
社区社会经济地位（SES）是否比居住在那里的居民的个人和家庭社会经济地位对健康有显著的积极影响，如果有，与个人自身的社会经济地位相比，它的相对重要性是什么？由于在微观和宏观层面对社会经济地位的定义不明确，以及对微观社会经济地位的调整不可靠和不全面，阻碍了这一问题的解决。利用社区、犯罪和健康调查（CCH），基于伊利诺斯州具有关联人口普查区信息的代表性家庭样本，我们发现，随着个人社会经济地位的调整，社会经济弱势社区的居民的身体损伤水平明显高于优势社区的居民。与个人社会经济地位相比，社区效应很小，尤其是教育、就业状况、家庭收入和经济困难，所有这些与健康的关系都比社区社会经济地位（以房屋所有权、受过大学教育的成年人和贫困程度来衡量）更大。相比之下，微观层面的住房所有权对身体机能没有显著影响。我们得出的结论是，社区社会经济地位和个人健康之间约40%的关联是环境因素，约60%是构成因素。
Does neighborhood sociocconornic status (SES) have a significant positive effect on health over and above the personal and household socioeconomic status of the residents who live there, and, if it does, what is its relative importance compared to an individual's own SES? Resolution of this question has been impeded by lack Of Conceptual clarity in the definitions of socioeconomic status on the micro- and macro-levels, and unreliable and noncomprehensive adjustment for micro-level socioeconomic status. Using the Community, Crime and Health Survey (CCH), based on a representative sample of Illinois households with linked census tract information, we find that, with adjustment for personal socioeconomic status, residents of socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods have significantly higher levels of physical impairment than do residents of more advantaged neighborhoods. The neighborhood effect is small compared to individual socioeconomic status, especially education, employment status, household income, and economic hardship, all of which have larger associations with health than does neighborhood socioeconomic status (measured as home ownership, college-educated adults, and poverty). In comparison, home ownership on the micro-level does not have a significant effect on physical functioning. We conclude that about 40 percent of the association between neighborhood socioeconomic status and individual health is contextual and about 60 percent is compositional.